Sex difference of coronary microvascular dysfunction evaluated by coronary flow reserve will be assessed in patients with non-obstructive coronary artery disease
The investigators will select consecutive patients who experienced chest pain but had no significant coronary artery stenosis (\<50% stenosis). Coronary microvascular function will be evaluated by adenosine stress echocardiography. Coronary blood flow velocities will be measured at 1, 2, and 3 min after adenosine infusion. Sex difference of coronary microvascular dysfunction evaluated by coronary flow reserve will be assessed.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
300
Transthoracic echocardiographic assessments will be performed using an ultrasound device (Vivid E95, General Electric Healthcare, Liestal, Switzerland). Color Doppler flow of the distal left anterior descending artery was examined from the modified apical four-chamber view of the anterior interventricular groove. Pulsed-wave Doppler registered blood flow velocity patterns using a sample volume (2-3.0 mm) placed on the color signal. The ultrasound beam was aligned parallel to the vessel flow. The velocity scale of color Doppler was set to 0.21 m/s. Coronary flow Doppler images were acquired at baseline and at 1, 2, and 3 min after adenosine infusion in the same part of the artery. Anti-anginal medications, including calcium channel blockers, were discontinued before the study.
Korea University Anam Hospital
Seoul, South Korea
RECRUITINGA composite outcome including all-cause mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, and hospitalization for heart failure
Number of participants with a composite outcome including all-cause mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, and hospitalization for heart failure
Time frame: 1 year
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