This clinical trial aims to develop parent-child interaction strategy coaching and sensory processing strategy coaching via Telehealth and examine the feasibility and efficacy of the interventions in young children with autism spectrum disorder who have sensory processing disorder. In the first experiment, the investigators will apply a single-subject research design and one-group pre-post test design to explore the feasibility of the coaching interventions. In the second experiment, RCT design will be used to examine the effectiveness of parent coaching. Sixty-five children with ASD and their parents will be randomly assigned to the intervention or control group. The intervention group will receive weekly parent-child interaction and sensory processing strategy coaching for 12 weeks. The control group will be provided with weekly self-learning materials and group discussion session for 12 weeks. Additionally, the follow-up test will be administered three months after the intervention.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE
Enrollment
68
Participants receive 12 weeks of parent-child interaction strategy coaching and sensory processing strategy coaching intervention.
Participants receive 1-hour self-learning materials, including parent-child interaction and sensory processing strategies, and 1-hour remote group discussion session weekly.
The performance and satisfaction with the child's daily participation
Measured by the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure in the RCT experiment. The score could range from 1 to 10, with higher scores implied greater performance and higher satisfaction with the child's daily participation.
Time frame: up to 25 weeks
The parent's parent-child interaction strategy utilization
Measured by the self-developed measurement - the Parental Parent-Child Interaction Strategy Rating Scale in the single subject experiment. The score could range from 20 to 80, with higher scores implied greater parent-child interaction strategy utilization.
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 4 months
The child's social communication ability
Measured by the self-developed measurement - the Social Communication Rating Scale for young children in the single subject experiment. The score could range from 0 to 38, with higher scores implied greater social communication ability.
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 4 months
The social functioning and adaptive behavior of the child
Measured by the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales - Third Edition in the RCT experiment. The score could range from 20 to 160, with higher scores implied greater social functioning and adaptive behavior.
Time frame: up to 25 weeks
The attainment of the selected goal related to issues with the child's sensory processing disorder
Measured by the Goal Attainment Scale in the RCT experiment. The score could range from -2 to 2, with higher scores implied greater attainment of the selected goal related to issues with the child's sensory processing disorder.
Time frame: up to 25 weeks
The attainment of the selected goal related to issues with the child's sensory processing disorder
Measured by the Goal Attainment Scale in the single subject experiment. The score could range from -2 to 2, with higher scores implied greater attainment of the selected goal related to issues with the child's sensory processing disorder.
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 4 months
The child's performance in social communication
Measured by the Brief Observation of Social Communication Change in the RCT experiment. The score could range from 0 to 85, with higher scores implied greater social communication performance.
Time frame: up to 25 weeks
The parent's self-perceived parental competence
Measured by the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale in the RCT experiment. The score could range from 17 to 102, with higher scores implied greater self-perceived parental competence.
Time frame: up to 25 weeks
The parent's self-perceived parental competence
Measured by the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale in the single subject experiment. The score could range from 17 to 102, with higher scores implied greater self-perceived parental competence.
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 4 months
The parent's self-perceived stress within the family system
Measured by the Parenting Stress Index - Short Form in the RCT experiment. The score could range from 35 to 175, with higher scores implied greater self-perceived stress within the family system
Time frame: up to 25 weeks
The parent's self-perceived life quality within the last two weeks
Measured by the WHOQOL-BREF - Taiwan version in the RCT experiment. The score could range from 4 to 20 in each domain, with higher scores implied greater self-perceived life quality within the last two weeks
Time frame: up to 25 weeks
The child's social communication ability
Measured by the self-developed measurement - the Social Communication Rating Scale for young children in the RCT experiment. The score could range from 0 to 38, with higher scores implied greater social communication ability
Time frame: up to 25 weeks
The parent's parent-child interaction strategy utilization
Measured by the self-developed measurement - the Parental Parent-Child Interaction Strategy Rating Scale in the RCT experiment. The score could range from 20 to 80, with higher scores implied greater parent-child interaction strategy utilization.
Time frame: up to 25 weeks
The performance and satisfaction with the child's daily participation
Measured by the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure in the single subject experiment. The score could range from 1 to 10, with higher scores implied greater performance or higher satisfaction with the child's daily participation.
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 4 months
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