Omitting Drains After Repair of Peptic Ulcer Perforations

Inclusion Criteria: \- Patients older than 18 years with perforated peptic ulcer who underwent exploratory laparotomy or laparoscopy and repair with omental pedicle techniques will included in the study. Exclusion Criteria: * preoperative shock on admission. * Delayed presentation more than 24 hours. * known malignant gastric ulcers confirmed by histopathology. * the presence of neuropsychiatric disease, pregnant and lactating women. * predisposing factors for impaired wound healing (e.g., currently using immunosuppressive agents, or chronic use of steroids), the presence of HIV/AIDS. * Intraoperative findings consistent with malignant ulcers. • American Society of Anesthesiologists grade III/IV, or had an alternative perioperative diagnosis. • Ulcer size more than 2 cm in diameter.