The goal of this clinical trial is to learn about the impact of taking a continuous performance attention test on the physiological stress response in college students. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Does taking an attention test cause participants to have increases in heart rate, blood pressure, and sweat? * Does taking an attention test cause participants to have a decrease in heart rate variability? * Are there relationships between participants' levels of anxiety, perceived stress, and mindfulness to their physiological changes? Participants will * Answer questionnaires about anxiety, stress, and mindfulness * Have baseline measurements taken for blood pressure, sweat, and heart rate variability * Take the PEBL Continuous Performance Task (a 14 minute attention test) while having the measurements listed above taken again
The PEBL Continuous Performance Task is an example of a mental stressor which requires vigilance and effort. We hypothesize that a sympathetic nervous system response will be evident in comparing physiological parameters during the attention task versus the preceding resting baseline period. Exploratory analyses will assess relationships between psychological measures of anxiety, stress, and mindfulness with this physiological response and the number of errors on the attention test.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NA
Purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
20
A PEBL version of the Conners Continuous Performance Task
University of Redlands
Redlands, California, United States
Blood pressure
Systolic and diastolic
Time frame: Measured once after an 8 minute resting baseline, then 2 minutes into the attention task, and 10 minutes into the attention task. Data collection was then complete.
Skin conductance level
levels of sweat due to sympathetic nervous system activation
Time frame: Measured continuously during an 8 minute resting baseline, then continuously for the 14 minute attention task. Data collection was then complete.
Heart rate variability
Normalized high frequency HRV
Time frame: Measured continuously during an 8 minute resting baseline, then continuously for the 14 minute attention task. Data collection was then complete.
State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)
Spielberger, C.D., R.L. Gorsuch, and R.E. Lushene, 1970. Scores on each of the state and trait sections range from 20 (low anxiety) to 80 (high anxiety)
Time frame: Questionnaire completed on day of enrollment (<30 minutes)
Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10)
Cohen, S., T. Kamarck, and R. Mermelstein. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 1983. Scores range from 0 (low perceived stress) to 40 (high perceived stress)
Time frame: Questionnaire completed on day of enrollment (<30 minutes)
Mindful Awareness and Attention Scale (MAAS)
Brown, K.W. and R.M. Ryan. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2003. Scores range from 1 (least mindful) to 6 (most mindful)
Time frame: Questionnaire completed on day of enrollment (<30 minutes)
PEBL Continuous Performance Task Foil Accuracy Rate
For trials where participants were presented with a foil, the percent in which the participant did not commit a commission error (participant correctly did not press spacebar). Ranges from 0 - 100% accuracy.
Time frame: 14 minute attention task on the day of the experiment
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