In this trial, the investigators aim to assess impact of goat milk-based infant formula on the severity and frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms, as well as other associated symptoms, and the health-related quality of life in infants exhibiting symptoms possibly related to cow's milk, compared to a cow milk-based formula.
Gastrointestinal symptoms are frequent in the first 6 months of life in otherwise healthy infants fed cow milk-based infant formulas (CMF). In management special infant formulas may be considered, although none is routinely recommended. Goat milk-based infant formulas (GMF) have shown promising effects on digestion and increased gastric emptying in several in vitro studies. In this trial, a total of 158 participants at age 14 to 90 days, who exhibit gastrointestinal and/or other symptoms associated with CMF consumption, as assessed with the Cow's Milk-related Symptom Score (CoMiSS) between 6 and 10 will be randomly allocated to GMF or CMF for four weeks. The primary outcome will be the proportion of infants showing a reduction of at least 4 points in CoMiSS following the four-week intervention period.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
QUADRUPLE
Enrollment
152
Goat milk-based infant formula exclusively for 4 weeks at a volume depending on the infant.
Regular cow milk-based infant formula that is similar in color, smell, and taste to the formula received by the experimental group.
Department of Paediatrics, The Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
Warsaw, Poland
Reduction of Cow's Milk-related Symptoms Score (CoMiSS) values after 4 weeks
Proportion of infants with a reduction of 4 points or more in the CoMiSS value
Time frame: 0 - 4 weeks
Reduction of Cow's Milk-related Symptoms Score (CoMiSS) values after 2 weeks
Proportion of infants with a reduction of 4 points or more in the CoMiSS value
Time frame: 0 - 2 weeks
Difference in Cow's Milk-related Symptoms Score (CoMiSS) values after 2 weeks
Difference in the CoMiSS between infants fed with goat milk-based infant formula versus cow milk-based infant formula
Time frame: 0 - 2 weeks
Difference in Cow's Milk-related Symptoms Score (CoMiSS) values after 4 weeks
Difference in the CoMiSS between infants fed with goat milk-based infant formula versus cow milk-based infant formula
Time frame: 0 - 4 weeks
The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) Infant Scales improvement after 2 weeks
Proportion of infants with a PedsQL Infant Scale score of 80 or higher
Time frame: 0 - 2 weeks
The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) Infant Scales improvement after 4 weeks
Proportion of infants with a PedsQL Infant Scale score of 80 or higher
Time frame: 0 - 4 weeks
Improvement in gastrointestinal symptoms measured by the Infant Gastrointestinal Symptom Questionnaire (IGSQ) after 2 weeks
Change in the severity and frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms as measured by the IGSQ
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Time frame: 0 - 2 weeks
Improvement in gastrointestinal symptoms measured by the Infant Gastrointestinal Symptom Questionnaire (IGSQ) after 4 weeks
Change in the severity and frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms as measured by the IGSQ
Time frame: 0 - 4 weeks
Anthropometric parameters after 2 weeks
Assessment of growth parameters, including weight
Time frame: 0 - 2 weeks
Anthropometric parameters after 4 weeks
Assessment of growth parameters, including weight
Time frame: 0 - 4 weeks
Adverse events
Adverse events throughout the study period
Time frame: 0 - 4 weeks
Anthropometric parameters after 2 weeks
Assessment of growth parameters, including length
Time frame: 0 - 2 weeks
Anthropometric parameters after 4 weeks
Assessment of growth parameters, including length
Time frame: 0 - 4 weeks