The Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Protocol (EMDR) was first developed by Francine Shapiro in 1987 and can be adapted for online and in presence administration. The aim of this study is to assess if a EMDR program (administered both online and in presence, depending on different conditions of patients) may help people recruited from general population suffering from COVID19 second (November 2021 to February 2022) and third (March 2022 to May 2022) quarantine in improving post-traumatic stress (PTSD) and obsessive-compulsive-related (OCD) symptoms, as well as disgust, guilt, shame and their subjective unit of distress (SUD) and validity of cognition (VoC) levels.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
287
Eye movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (as described in the 8-phases protocol), administered both online or in presence.
University of Pisa
Pisa, Italy
Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms - Pre-intervention
Post-Traumatic symptoms are measured using the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). The scale ranges from a minimum value of 0 to a maximum value of 88. Lower Likert score means a better outcome
Time frame: IES-R is measured immediately before the 8-week EMDR intervention
Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms - Pre-intervention
Obsessive-Compulsive symptoms are measured using the Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (DOCS). The scale ranges from a minimum value of 0 to a maximum value of 80. Lower Likert score means a better outcome
Time frame: DOCS is measured immediately before the 8-week EMDR intervention
Body Perception - Pre-intervention
Body Perception is measured using the Body Perception Questionnaire-22 (BPQ-22). The scale ranges from a minimum value of 22 to a maximum value of 66. Lower Likert score means a better outcome
Time frame: BPQ-22 is measured immediately before the 8-week EMDR intervention
Guilt and Shame - Pre-intervention
Guilt and Shame are measured using the Guilt and Shame Proneness Scale (GASP). The scale ranges from a minimum value of 16 to a maximum value of 112. Lower Likert score means a better outcome
Time frame: GASP is measured immediately before the 8-week EMDR intervention
Disgust - Pre-intervention
Disgust is measured using the Three Domain of Disgust Scale (TDDS). The scale ranges from a minimum value of 0 to a maximum value of 126. Lower Likert score means a better outcome
Time frame: TDDS is measured immediately before the 8-week EMDR intervention
Mental Contamination - Pre-intervention
Mental Contamination is measured using the Vancouver Obsessional Compulsive Inventory-Mental Contamination scale (VOCI-MC). The scale ranges from a minimum value of 0 to a maximum value of 80. Lower Likert score means a better outcome
Time frame: VOCI-MC is measured immediately before the 8-week EMDR intervention
Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms - Post-intervention
Post-Traumatic symptoms are measured using the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). The scale ranges from a minimum value of 0 to a maximum value of 88. Lower Likert score means a better outcome
Time frame: IES-R is measured immediately after the 8-week EMDR intervention
Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms - Post-intervention
Obsessive-Compulsive symptoms are measured using the Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (DOCS). The scale ranges from a minimum value of 0 to a maximum value of 80. Lower Likert score means a better outcome
Time frame: DOCS is measured immediately after the 8-week EMDR intervention
Body Perception - Post-intervention
Body Perception is measured using the Body Perception Questionnaire-22 (BPQ-22). The scale ranges from a minimum value of 22 to a maximum value of 66. Lower Likert score means a better outcome
Time frame: BPQ-22 is measured immediately after the 8-week EMDR intervention
Guilt and Shame - Post-intervention
Guilt and Shame are measured using the Guilt and Shame Proneness Scale (GASP). The scale ranges from a minimum value of 16 to a maximum value of 112. Lower Likert score means a better outcome
Time frame: GASP is measured immediately after the 8-week EMDR intervention
Disgust - Post-intervention
Disgust is measured using the Three Domain of Disgust Scale (TDDS). The scale ranges from a minimum value of 0 to a maximum value of 126. Lower Likert score means a better outcome
Time frame: TDDS is measured immediately after the 8-week EMDR intervention
Mental Contamination - Post-intervention
Mental Contamination is measured using the Vancouver Obsessional Compulsive Inventory-Mental Contamination scale (VOCI-MC). The scale ranges from a minimum value of 0 to a maximum value of 80. Lower Likert score means a better outcome
Time frame: VOCI-MC is measured immediately after the 8-week EMDR intervention
Anxiety Symptoms - Pre-intervention
Anxiety symptoms are measured using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21).The scale ranges from a minimum value of 0 to a maximum value of 63. Lower Likert score means a better outcome
Time frame: DASS-21 is measured immediately before the 8-week EMDR intervention
Depression Symptoms - Pre-intervention
Depression symptoms are measured using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21). The scale ranges from a minimum value of 0 to a maximum value of 63. Lower Likert score means a better outcome
Time frame: DASS-21 is measured immediately before the 8-week EMDR intervention
General distress symptoms - Pre-intervention
General distress symptoms are measured using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21). The scale ranges from a minimum value of 0 to a maximum value of 63. Lower Likert score means a better outcome
Time frame: DASS-21 is measured immediately before the 8-week EMDR intervention
Anxiety Symptoms - Post-intervention
Anxiety symptoms are measured using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21). The scale ranges from a minimum value of 0 to a maximum value of 63. Lower Likert score means a better outcome
Time frame: DASS-21 is measured immediately after the 8-week EMDR intervention
Depression Symptoms - Post-intervention
Depression symptoms are measured using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21). The scale ranges from a minimum value of 0 to a maximum value of 63. Lower Likert score means a better outcome
Time frame: DASS-21 is measured immediately after the 8-week EMDR intervention
General distress symptoms - Post-intervention
General distress symptoms are measured using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21). The scale ranges from a minimum value of 0 to a maximum value of 63. Lower Likert score means a better outcome
Time frame: DASS-21 is measured immediately after the 8-week EMDR intervention
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