This study was designed to examine the effects of using virtual reality and kaleidoscope during routine vaccination in children aged 48 months on pain, fear, and anxiety. Children aged 48 months who were to receive the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine were randomized into three groups. Accordingly, the study sample consisted of a virtual reality group with 42 children, a kaleidoscope group with 42 children, and a control group with 42 children, totaling 126 children. Fear and pain were evaluated by both the researcher and the child before and after the procedure. Anxiety was assessed by the child after the procedure. The Wong Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale was used for pain, the Children's Fear Scale for fear, and the Child Anxiety Scale-State Version for anxiety.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
126
Virtual reality glasses were used as a distraction method for children during vaccination.
Kaleidoscope toys were used as a distraction method for children during vaccination.
Ege University
Izmir, Bornova, Turkey (Türkiye)
Procedural Pain
Just before vaccination, both the child and the researcher used the Wong-Baker Faces Scale. This scale uses in children aged 3 and older to rate pain severity. This numeric rating scale ranges from 0 to 10. Faces show emotions from smiling (0 = very happy/no pain) to crying (10 = hurts worst). The child can choose the face that best illustrates the physical pain.
Time frame: 1 year
Fear
Just before vaccination, both the child and the researcher used the Children's Fear Scale. The scale includes five drawn facial expressions ranging from a neutral expression (0=no anxiety) to a frightened face (4=severe anxiety) and has been validated for the Turkish population The scale allows for evaluations on a scale from 0 to 4.
Time frame: 1 year
Anxiety
Just before vaccination, both the child and the researcher used the Children's Anxiety Meter-State. It is drawn like a thermometer with a bulb at the bottom. It includes horizontal lines going up to the top (0-10). Children are asked to mark how feel "right now" to measure state anxiety. Higher values represent higher anxiety.
Time frame: 1 year
Parental satisfaction
parental satisfaction scores measured with the 10-point Likert type scale. Minimum score is 0, maximum score is 10.
Time frame: 1 year
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