The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pre-operative concurrent Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) and and programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) blockade immunotherapy followed by surgical metastasectomy for resectable metastatic osteosarcoma.
Osteosarcoma is a primary bone malignant tumor with strong metastatic potential. About 15%-20% of osteosarcomas are accompanied by lung metastasis when diagnosed, and about 40% of patients develop secondary lung metastasis after radical surgery of the primary lesion. However, pulmonary metastatic osteosarcoma are often insensitive to traditional radiotherapy and chemotherapy. For resectable lung metastases, the preferred treatment is still complete resection of all metastases and the best therapeutic modality and regimens pre- and post-surgical remains unestablished. With the advent of immunotherapy, many common solid tumors have made substantial progress through immunotherapy after distant metastasis. However, a number of current clinical studies on immunotherapy for osteosarcoma have shown that the effective rate of immunotherapy for osteosarcoma is about 5% to 10% after single agent treatment, making it regarded as one of the "immune cold" tumor, potentially due to the fact that osteosarcoma often lacks immune cell infiltration, and immune cells in tumors are often difficult to be activated or preserve immune memory. However, the investigators have found in our previous clinical observations that a small number of osteosarcoma patients not only have significant effects on immunotherapy, but even have long-term responses. The investigators unexpectedly found that the degree of tumor pro-inflammatory factors and lymphocyte infiltration in the osteosarcoma sample significantly increased after radiotherapy, especially SBRT. The investigators also discovered that the induction of the formation of "tertiary lymphatic structure" within the tumor might be possible through SBRT as a potential sensitization strategy for immunotherapy in osteosarcoma, which is consistent with the recent knowledge of rado-immunotherapy of several solid tumors. Therefore, the investigators aim to conduct a prospective phase II clinical trial on pre-operative immunotherapy and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), followed by metastasectomy in patients with pulmonary resectable recurrence of osteosarcoma. To explore the potential mechanisms related to the pre-operative sensitization of immunotherapy, correlative biomarker analysis is to be performed to explore the tumor microenvironment pre- and post- SBRT to pave the way for further precision immunotherapy of bone sarcoma in the future.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NA
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
43
participants first receive concurrent SBRT and penpulimab (PD-1 blockade) and two cycles of GP regimen (gemcitabine d1,d8 and Penpulimab d8 per a 21-day cycle), followed by complete pulmonary metastasectomy. After surgery, participant receive another 4 cycles of GP regimens followed by Penpulimab monotherapy maintenance. The rationale is that pre-operative SBRT could boost the immune microenvironment, leading to a long-term effect of immunotherapy post-metastasectomy and eventually resulting in better long-term survivorship compared to the histological control for pulmonary resectable recurrence of osteosarcoma .
Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine
Shanghai, Shanghai Municipality, China
RECRUITING12-month progression-free survival rate (12m-PFSR)
The proportion of patients that are progression-free according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors Version 1.1 (RECIST 1.1), defined as the ratio of patients who have not died or progressed (CR+PR+SD) over the total number of subjects recruited.
Time frame: 12 months from recruitment
Objective response rate (ORR)
Defined as the number of subjects with a best response of (CR+PR)/total number of subjects\*100% based on RECISTv1.1 and irRECIST standards respectively
Time frame: From baseline to disease progression, death or the time of metastasectomy, whichever occurs first, up to 3 years after accrual
Disease control rate (DCR)
Defined as the number of subjects with a best response of (CR+PR+SD)/total number of subjects\*100% based on RECISTv1.1 and irRECIST standards respectively;
Time frame: From baseline to disease progression, death or the time of metastasectomy, whichever occurs first, up to 3 years after accrual
Progression-free survival (PFS)
Defined as the time from receiving the first study drug to the death or relapse of the subject, assessed by RECISTv1.1 and irRECIST standards respectively, and estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method, including median, quartile and 95% confidence interval
Time frame: From baseline to disease progression or death, whichever occurs first, up to 3 years after accrual
Overall survival (OS)
defined as the time from receiving the first study drug treatment to the subject's death, estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method, including median, quartile and 95% confidence interval;
Time frame: From baseline until the reported death of the patients due to any causes, up to 3 years after accrual
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Quality of life assessed by patient-reported outcomes (PROs)
Assessement of the quality of life score using PROs based on EORTC QLQ-C30 scale (adult) or Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) scale at baseline and at each followed up after treatment.
Time frame: From baseline until the reported death of the patients due to any causes, up to 3 years after accrual
Number of participants with adverse events
Number of participants with Treatment emergent adverse events (TEAE) and serious adverse events (SAE). AE was defines as any toxicities in a participant who received study therapy irrespective of the causal relationship. SAE was defined as one of the following: was fatal or life-threatening; resulted in persistent or significant disability/incapacity or inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization.
Time frame: From the first dose of study treatment to 30 days after the last dose of study treatment or before the start day of new anti-cancer drug therapy, whichever occurs first, up to 3 years.
The rate of tumor resectability
Tumor resectability is defined as the number of patients undergoing pre-planned metastasectomy divided by the number of patients considered resectable at baseline.
Time frame: At the time of metastasectomy, an average of 8~9 weeks
The incidence of peri-operative complications
Peri-operative complications is defined as the incidence of complications during and following metastasectomy surgery
Time frame: At the time of metastasectomy, an average of 8~9 weeks