The study will compare the effectiveness of two relatively brief and scalable evidence-based interventions: the Stanley Brown Safety Planning Intervention and Follow-up Contacts (SPI+), a suicide-specific intervention that helps people prevent suicidal crises from escalating, and Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Adolescents Ultra Short Crisis Intervention (IPT-A SCI), a psychotherapeutic crisis intervention treatment for suicidal adolescents that teaches youth skills to prevent suicidal crises and addresses interpersonal problems that lead to suicidal crises. The results will inform the future standard of care for youth at risk for suicide presenting in the ED setting. This project focuses on suicidal youth ages 12-19 in three ethnically and racially diverse urban areas: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Baltimore, Maryland; and upper Manhattan/lower Bronx in New York City.
Emergency department (ED) visits for suicide-related concerns have been increasing in youth over the past decade, a trend potentially exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Also, youth suicidal thoughts and attempts have increased with the 2019 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) finding that 18.8 percent of high school students have seriously considered suicide and 8.9 percent had attempted suicide in the past year. Furthermore, suicide rates are increasing more rapidly in Latino/Latina, Black, and multiracial youth, especially Black youth as compared to White youth. Similar increases in suicide risk are seen in lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and other sexually minority (LGBTQ+) youth. This project focuses on suicidal youth ages 12-19 in three ethnically and racially diverse urban areas: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Baltimore, Maryland; and upper Manhattan/lower Bronx in New York City. There is limited evidence about which interventions are most helpful for suicidal youth in acute care settings such as EDs. Interventions like safety planning (Safety Planning Intervention with follow-up contacts) are delivered primarily in ED settings while others like Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Adolescents Ultra Short Crisis Intervention (IPT-A SCI) are provided primarily in outpatient settings. Furthermore, safety planning focuses on deescalating suicidal crises when beginning to occur, while IPT-A SCI focuses on developing skills to prevent crises from occurring. While both approaches have an evidence base, it is not yet known which one is more effective and acceptable in a diverse youth population. Determining which intervention is more effective has implications for dissemination and resource allocation to EDs or outpatient settings. The research team includes a group of ethnically and racially diverse partners and advisors, advocates, researchers, ED physicians, nurses, and social workers, some of whom have lived experience of suicide attempts and suicide loss. This team has provided feedback about crucial elements of this proposal, e.g., recruitment, intervention approaches, and follow-up approaches and will continue active involvement in all stages of this project. The study will compare the effectiveness of two relatively brief and scalable evidence-based interventions: the SPI+, a suicide-specific intervention that helps people prevent suicidal crises from escalating, and IPT-A SCI, a psychotherapeutic crisis intervention treatment for suicidal adolescents that teaches youth skills to prevent suicidal crises and addresses interpersonal problems that lead to suicidal crises. The results will inform the future standard of care for youth at risk for suicide presenting in the ED setting.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
1,000
Stanley Brown Safety Planning completed in the emergency department with 3 follow-up contacts after discharge
Five session crisis focused version of IPT for adolescents.
Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital
St. Petersburg, Florida, United States
NOT_YET_RECRUITINGJohns Hopkins University
Baltimore, Maryland, United States
RECRUITINGColumbia University Irving Medical Center (CUMC)
New York, New York, United States
NOT_YET_RECRUITINGWeill-Cornell Medicine
New York, New York, United States
NOT_YET_RECRUITINGUniversity of North Carolina Medical Center
Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
NOT_YET_RECRUITINGChildrens Hospital of Philadelphia
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
NOT_YET_RECRUITINGChange in Suicidal ideation as assessed by the Suicide Assessment Five-step Evaluation and Triage (SAFE-T) with Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) Recent
Suicidal thoughts: measured using the Suicide Assessment Five-step Evaluation and Triage (SAFE-T) with Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) Recent. Scores for suicidal ideation range from 0 to 5, with higher scores indicating more serious suicidal ideation, where 0 = "no suicidal thoughts"; 1= "wish to be dead"; 2 = "nonspecific active suicidal thoughts"; 3 = "suicidal thoughts with methods"; 4 = "suicidal intent"; and 5 = "suicidal intent with plan".
Time frame: baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months
Change in Suicidal behavior as assessed by the Suicide Assessment Five-step Evaluation and Triage (SAFE-T) with Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) Recent
Suicidal behavior with intent to die: measured using the Suicide Assessment Five-step Evaluation and Triage (SAFE-T) with Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) Recent. Scored 0 to 1, with 1 indicating a suicide attempt since last assessment.
Time frame: baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months
Number of Suicides
Measured through Death Records or Suicide from Office of Chief Medical Examiner, family report or medical record
Time frame: 12 months
Change in Frequency of mental health service utilization as assessed by Services Assessment for Children and Adolescents (SACA)
Services Assessment for Children and Adolescents (SACA) use of inpatient, outpatient, school services since last assessment. Items are dichotomous (yes/no) and the scale ranges from 0 (no services) to 3 (3 types of services), higher numbers indicate more services.
Time frame: baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months
Change in Self reported Quality of Life as assessed by the Euro-Qol 5-Dimension 3-level tool (EQ-5D-3L)
Euro-Qol 5-Dimension 3-level tool (EQ-5D-3L) for young adults. The scale consists of a descriptive system that comprises five items referring to the domains mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression scored as presenting no problems, moderate problems or severe problems. Each of the five items (range 0-2) with higher scores indicating better quality of life. A component of this scale is the EuroQol visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS) which participants can use a number from 0 (the worst) -100 (the best health state imaginable).
Time frame: baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months
Change in Self reported Quality of Life as assessed by the Euro-Qol 5-Dimension Youth (EQ-5D-Y)
Quality of Life will be assessed by the Euro-Qol 5-Dimension Youth (EQ-5D-Y). The scale consists of a descriptive system that comprises five items referring to the domains mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression scored as presenting no problems, moderate problems or severe problems. Each of the five items (range 0-2) with higher scores indicating better quality of life. A component of this scale is the EuroQol visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS) which participants can use a number from 0 (the worst) -100 (the best health state imaginable).
Time frame: baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months
Change in Generalized Anxiety Disorder as assessed by the The Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 question scale (GAD-7).
Generalized Anxiety Disorder will be assessed by the GAD 7 question scale. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 is a self-reported questionnaire for screening and severity measuring of generalized anxiety disorder. The GAD-7 total score ranges from 0 to 21 with clinical categorizations of anxiety levels as follows: GAD-7 score of 0-4 (none), 5-9 (mild), 10-14 (moderate), and 15-21 (severe).
Time frame: baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months
Change in Depression severity as assessed by the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9).
The nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire is a depressive symptom scale and diagnostic tool that assesses the presence and severity of depressive symptoms and a possible depressive disorder. The PHQ-9 total score ranges from 0 to 27 (scores of 5-9 are classified as mild depression; 10-14 as moderate depression; 15-19 as moderately severe depression; ≥ 20 as severe depression).
Time frame: baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months
Change in conflicts with family members as assessed by the Conflict Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ).
The Conflict Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ) reliably assesses the adolescent's perception of their relationship with their parents. The CBQ total score ranges from 0-20, with higher scores indicating greater conflict with each parent.
Time frame: baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months
Change in social interactions with peers as assessed by the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Pediatric Peer Relationships scale.
The PROMIS (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System) scale assesses social interactions with peers. The Pediatric Peer Relationships scale has a possible score between 1 and 40, with higher scores indicating greater social interactions with peers.
Time frame: baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months
Change in social interactions with family as assessed by the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Pediatric Family Relationships scale.
The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) scale assesses social interactions with family. The Pediatric Family Relationships scale has a possible score between 1 and 40, with higher scores indicating greater social interactions with family.
Time frame: baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months
Change in skill use derived from the Stanley Brown Safety Planning Intervention and Follow-up Contacts (SPI+) arm
Project-created a self-report of Stanley Brown Safety Planning Intervention and Follow-up Contacts (SPI+) skill use during follow-up, indicating feasibility/acceptability of SPI, helpfulness of different skills/sections of the safety plan, and frequency of use for different skills/sections of the safety plan.
Time frame: 3 months, 6 months, 12 months
Change in skill use derived from the Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Adolescents Ultra Short Crisis Intervention (IPT-A SCI) arm
Project created a self-report of Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Adolescents Ultra Short Crisis Intervention (IPT-A SCI) skill use during follow-up indicating which components adolescents have used. The self-report survey scoring will be a summation and then taking an average of the sum to be the score. Higher scores closer to 5 indicate adolescents learned a lot of from the intervention, and the lower scores indicate adolescents learned few skills.
Time frame: 3 months, 6 months, 12 months
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