The aim of the study is to analyse the risk factors involved in the development of diabetic retinopathy.
Introduction Worldwide, diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness among working age adults \[1\] Diabetes mellitus (diabetes) is a group of conditions in which elevation and dysregulation of blood glucose levels result from either decreased production of insulin or systemic resistance to insulin's effects. Economic costs of diabetes in the. U.S. in 2012. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(4):1033-46. Insulin resistance, which often precedes type 2 diabetes, is a component of the metabolic syndrome. Those with diabetes are more likely to have other components of the metabolic syndrome including abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, prothrombotic state, and a proinflammatory state \[2\] Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program. (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation. 2002;106(25):3143-421 Another key point for the development of vascular lesions is the capillary basement membrane thickening as a result of hyperglycemia, increased synthesis of basement membrane components and other factors. This thickening of the basement membrane is related to excess vascular permeability that leads to leaky vessels, compromised tight-junctions and increased vesicular transport \[3\] Although major risk factors-hyperglycemia and hypertension-are extensively studied and show a strong association with DR Some studies indicate that prolonged DM duration is indeed a well-established risk factor for DR \[4-5\]. Regarding microalbuminuria, studies report its association as a marker of microvascular dysfunction and DR \[6-7\], however further studies are needed to confirm this relationship \[6\]. Other risk factors such as body mass index (BMI) show controversies in relation to its association with this disease \[8\]. The aim of this study was to investigate risk factors for DR. Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in adults living in developed countries.9 Almost all patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) and more than 60% of patients with type 2 DM will develop some degree of retinopathy after a 20-year history of diabetes.10 It has also been well established that DM increases the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
50
1. The Slit lamb is a biomicroscope. It emits a beam of light that can be varied in height and width. It allows visualization of the anterior segment of the eye. With auxiliary lenses, the examiner can also view the posterior segment. These lenses are simple, affordable, and portable. Although high-end devices like fundus cameras and optical coherence tomography have revolutionized how practitioners detect eye diseases, they can never replace these handheld lenses. 2. OCT is a noninvasive method that yields a cross-section image of the retina by exposing the eye to near-infrared light. Specifically, an emitted light beam is scattered and reflected back by the retinal surface as well as its different layers.
aeffect of risk factors in progression of diabetic retinopathy.
analysis of risk factors affecting progression of diabetic retinopathy and test if they can be modified or not.
Time frame: baseline
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