Single arm phase I/II trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the combination of bevacizumab, with ipilimumab plus nivolumab, and hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (hSRT) in patients with symptomatic melanoma brain metastases (MBM).
Despite significantly improved clinical outcomes for patients with metastatic melanoma, the subset of patients with symptomatic MBM still fare poorly with treatment. The current standard of care for this group of patients is combined immune checkpoint blockade with ipilimumab and nivolumab, with local treatment with neurosurgery or stereotactic radiotherapy added for larger/more symptomatic lesions. Bevacizumab has demonstrated evidence in the treatment of cerebral radiation necrosis and in a case series, promising symptomatic benefit in this group of patients. With strong empirical evidence of the ability to wean patients from steroids, mechanistically, bevacizumab may augment anti-tumour immunity from immune checkpoint blockade. Bevacizumab will be administered 7 days prior to combination immunotherapy with ipilimumab and nivolumab and then given 28 days later to coincide with the second cycle of ipilimumab and nivolumab and thereafter every 3 weeks. The starting dose will be 7.5mg/kg, given intravenously, for a total of four cycles, and is consistent with the existing literature on the treatment of cerebral radiation necrosis. This trial aims to determine the safety of bevacizumab, in combination with ipilimumab, nivolumab and hSRT, defined as no more than 1/6 patients experiencing a bevacizumab-related SAE in the initial phase of the study.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NA
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
46
Bevacizumab is a humanised monoclonal antibody with molecular weight 167kD that inhibits all isoforms of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and is produced from a Chinese hamster ovary mammalian system. It has high specificity for isoform-A and has a half-life of \~21 days.
Ipilimumab is an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) that targets anti-tumour immunity. Ipilimumab is a recombinant human immunoglobulin monoclonal antibody that binds CTLA4 and blocks the interaction between CD80/86 and CTLA4.
Nivolumab ia an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) that targets anti-tumour immunity. Nivolumab is a fully human monoclonal IgG4 antibody targeting PD-1 which demonstrates activity across a range of tumours.
Alfred Health
Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
RECRUITINGTo determine the safety of bevacizumab, in combination with ipilimumab, nivolumab and hSRT
Number of participants with bevacizumab-related SAEs. A dose-limiting toxicity rate of \<33% with a minimum of 3 patients treated will be considered safe.
Time frame: 5 years
Determining the magnitude in reduction in prednisolone equivalent dose (relative to baseline dose)
The combination of a strict patient diary of corticosteroid dose, volumetric analysis of oedema on paired MRI samples with Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to delineate immune cell subsets will allow proof-of-mechanism to be demonstrated. Specifically, if the proposed combination demonstrates preliminary activity, we will be able to demonstrate that this activity corresponds to a decrease in steroid dose (diary) which is permissible due to reduced oedema (volumetric analysis), resulting in augmented antitumour immunity (as evidence by increased peripheral antitumour immune cells). Finally, the inclusion of a health-related quality of life (QoL) analysis in this early phase clinical trial, may demonstrate that the reduction in steroid dose is clinically meaningful to patients.
Time frame: 2 years
Intracranial clinical benefit
The rate of intracranial clinical benefit, defined as the percentage of patients who had stable disease for at least 6 months after the initiation of treatment, complete response (CR), or partial response (PR)
Time frame: 5 years
Response rate
The rate of overall response (defined as the rate of complete or partial response)
Time frame: 5 years
Progression-free survival
The rate of intracranial, extracranial (systemic), and global progression-free survival (PFS)
Time frame: 5 years
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Hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (hSRT) will be delivered to previously untreated brain metastases in eligible participants. hSRT will be delivered to all symptomatic brain metastases, all brain metastases \>1 cm and all brain metastases located in eloquent areas of the brain. hSRT will be commenced after the first cycle of nivolumab plus ipilimumab and completed before the second cycle of nivolumab plus ipilimumab. hSRT should be commenced within 1 week from the planning MRI.
Overall survival
Overall survival
Time frame: 5 years
Volume of vasogenic oedema
Determining the magnitude in reduction of the volume of vasogenic oedema around the brain metastases on MRI scan, after the administration of bevacizumab
Time frame: 2 years
To assess the patient-rated quality of life by the mean change from baseline quality of life scores [QLQ-C30] to the time of response, stable disease or progression.
We will assess utility-based health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of the combination of bevacizumab, with ipilimumab plus nivolumab, and hSRT using scores from the EORTC QLQ-C30 instrument transformed to QLU-C10D algorithm at baseline and 6-weekly for 6 months, then 12 weekly thereafter to identify resultant improvements in patients' QoL. In addition, the utility indices will be used to estimate quality-adjusted life years (QALYs).
Time frame: 2 years