Intensive Accelerated iTBS for the Treatment-Resistant Depression

Changping Laboratory130 enrolled

Overview

This study is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, and sham-controlled trial using most intensive aiTBS protocol (10 sessions daily over 5 consecutive days at triple the standard per-session dose) to investigate the antidepressant efficacy for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Patients will be recruited and randomly assigned (1:1 ratio) to receive active or sham groups from 5 hospitals in China. The interventions will last for 5 days and both groups will be followed up for 8 weeks on the same time schedules. During the intervention and at least the first 4 weeks of post-treatment, participants will keep a stable antidepressant regimen. The individualized target in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) will be generated from 30 minutes of resting-state functional MRI collected at baseline.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of TRD. Despite FDA approval, conventional TMS is limited by a remission rate of approximately one-third and a prolonged treatment schedule of 4-6 weeks, which poses substantial practical and accessibility challenges. Accelerated TMS protocols-delivering multiple sessions per day to compress standard multi-week regimens into just a few days-offer a potential strategy to enhance accessibility and accelerate clinical response. In 2022, the FDA approved a high-dose intervention, Stanford Neuromodulation Therapy (SNT), for rapid symptom relief in TRD. This protocol administers 10 sessions of 1,800-pulse iTBS per day over five consecutive days to the DLPFC, with 50-minute inter-session intervals. At treatment end, the response rate was 71.4% (vs. 13.3% in the sham group); at the 4-week follow-up, the response rate was 69.2% (vs. 7.1% in the sham group). Although these findings have generated optimism for patients with TRD, the efficacy and safety of accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) require further validation in multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel-group trials

Study Type

INTERVENTIONAL

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

TREATMENT

Eligibility

Sex: ALLMin age: 22 YearsMax age: 65 Years

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: * Meet the diagnostic criteria of DSM-5(Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition) for depression disorder without psychotic symptoms, and currently experiencing a recurrence episode; * Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17) scores for 17 items ≥ 20 points, and the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score is ≥ 20 points; * hospitalized/outpatient patients aged ≥ 22 and ≤ 65 years old, male or female; * The Maudsley Staging Method (MSM) assesses patients as at least moderate refractory (MSM score ≥ 7 points); * Stable use of antidepressants for 4 weeks before randomization, with the type of antidepressant used being selective serotonin reuptake Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or/and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), the therapeutic dose is within the dosage range as the drug manual recommended; * Understand the trial and sign the informed consent form. Exclusion Criteria: * Meets DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for other mental disorders, including schizophrenia spectrum disorders, bipolar and related disorders, and psychiatric disorders Developmental disorders, neurocognitive disorders, or depression caused by substances and/or drugs, or other medical problems; * Individuals with pacemakers, cochlear implants, or other metal objects, as well as any electronic devices implanted in the body, and those with claustrophobia Contraindications for magnetic resonance imaging scans such as fear, and contraindications for rTMS treatment; * History of epilepsy (presence of at least 2 uninduced seizures more than 24 hours apart, or diagnosis of the epileptic syndrome, or seizures within the past 12 months); Or currently received medications or other treatments that will lower the seizure threshold Syndromes, or seizures within the past 12 months; * Received TMS treatment before participating in the trial; * Individuals who have received ECT or phototherapy within three months; * No response to ECT treatment (\>8 times); * Previously received antidepressant treatment with implanted devices (such as DBS, VNS); * Concomitant organic brain diseases (such as ischemic stroke, cerebral hemorrhage, brain tumors, etc.) and a history of severe brain injury; * Complicated with serious heart, liver, kidney diseases, diabetes, and other serious physical diseases, which cause abnormal symptoms and signs of brain nerves, Or physical exhaustion; * Women of childbearing age who are currently pregnant, breastfeeding, or planning or may become pregnant during the trial period; * Substance abuse or dependence (including alcohol, drugs, and other psychoactive substances) in the past year; * First-degree relatives suffer from bipolar disorder; * High risk of suicide; * Difficulty in communication to understand or follow instructions, and unable to cooperate with treatment and evaluation; * Current in clinical trials of other drugs or physical therapies (DBS, ECT, rTMS); * The researchers believe it is not suitable to participate.

Locations (5)

Hebei Mental Health Center

Baoding, China

HuiLongGuan Hospital

Beijing, China

Wuhan Mental Health Center

Wuhan, China

Xianyue Hospital

Xiamen, China

Zhumadian Second People's Hospital

Zhumadian, China

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Change in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS)

A ten item diagnostic questionnaire used to measure the severity of depressive episodes in patients with mood disorders.The MADRS has an overall score range from 0-60, with higher scores corresponding to higher levels of depression.

Time frame: Pretreatment (baseline), 28 days post-treatment

Secondary Outcomes

Change in MADRS

Time frame: Baseline, Day 5 (Immediate Post-treatment), 7 days Post-treatment, 14 days Post-treatment, 21 days Post-treatment, 56 days Post-treatment]

Change in the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD-17)

A provider administered questionnaire used to assess remission and recovery from depression. The HAMD-17 is a 17-item questionnaire to assess depression severity. Each item is scored from 0-4, with higher scores representing increasing depression severity.

Time frame: Baseline, Day 5 (Immediate Post-treatment), 7 days Post-treatment, 14 days Post-treatment, 21 days Post-treatment, 28 days Post-treatment, 56 days Post-treatment]

Change in the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD-6) Score

The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS, also known as Ham-D) is the most widely used clinician-administered depression assessment scale. The Ham-6 version consists of 6 items assessing for: mood, guilt, general somatic symptoms, work and activities, anxiety and slowness of thought and speech). Each item is scored on a scale of 0 to 4, except for the somatic symptoms item, which is scored 0 to 2. On the HAM-6 there can be a total score of 22. Higher scores represent higher depression severity. Here, we report a count of participants with an overall increase, decrease or no change in total HAM-6 score. Participants with an increase in total score (row 3) would signify a worse outcome than participants with a decrease in total score.

Time frame: Baseline, Day 1, 2, 3, 4 in treatment, Day 5 (Immediate Post-treatment), 7 days Post-treatment, 14 days Post-treatment, 21 days Post-treatment, 28 days Post-treatment, 56 days Post-treatment]

Change in Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report (QIDS_SR)

The 16-item QIDS\_SR is a widely used self-report instrument covering depressive symptoms incorporating nine Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder-IV (DSM-IV) diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorders. Each item is scored on a scale of 0 to 4. Higher scores represent higher depression severity.

Time frame: Baseline, Day 5 (Immediate Post-treatment), 7 days Post-treatment, 14 days Post-treatment, 21 days Post-treatment, 28 days Post-treatment, 56 days Post-treatment]

Safety estimated using YMRS

Young Mania Rating Scale(YMARS) measures mania

Time frame: Baseline, Day 5 (Immediate Post-treatment)

cognitive change in Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST）

Cognitive scores are measured using Chinese brief cognitive test (C-BCT), the DSST equires a subject to match symbols to numbers according to a key located on the top of the page

Time frame: Baseline, Day 5(Immediate Post-treatment)

cognitive change in continuous performance test (CPT）

CPT from the C-BCT measures a person's sustained and selective attention

Time frame: Baseline, Day 5(Immediate Post-treatment)

cognitive change in Trail-Making Test (TMT)

The TMT test from the C-BCT can provide information about visual search speed, scanning, speed of processing, mental flexibility, and executive functioning

Time frame: Baseline, Day 5(Immediate Post-treatment)

cognitive change in Digit Span Test (DST)

DST from the C-BCT is a measure of verbal short term and working memory that can be used in two formats, Forward Digit Span and Reverse Digit Span

Time frame: Baseline, Day 5(Immediate Post-treatment)

Intensive Accelerated iTBS for the Treatment-Resistant Depression

Overview

Conditions

Interventions

Eligibility

Locations (5)

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Secondary Outcomes