Infections are proposed risk factors for type 1 diabetes in children. The investigators will examine whether a diagnosis of infectious disease also confers an increased risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults.
The investigators will use data from a population-based Swedish case-control study (ESTRID) with incident cases of LADA (n=597) and matched controls (n=2386). History of infectious disease are ascertained through national and regional patient registers. The investigators will estimate adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% CI for ≥1 respiratory (any/upper/lower), gastrointestinal, herpetic, other or any infectious disease episode, or separately, for 1 and ≥2 infectious disease episodes, within 0-1, 1-3, 3-5 and 5-10 years before LADA diagnosis/matching. Stratified analyses will be performed based on HLA risk genotypes and GADA levels.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
5,048
Karolinska institute
Stockholm, Sweden
LADA
≥35 years at diagnosis, GADA positivity (≥10 U/ml) and C-peptide concentrations of ≥0.2 nmol/L (IMMULITE) or ≥0.3 nmol/L (Cobas).
Time frame: Up to 10 years
Type 2 diabetes
also ≥35, GADA negative and had C-peptide concentrations of \>0.60 (IMMULITE)/\>0.72 (Cobas) nmol/L.
Time frame: Up to 10 years
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