One approach to significantly reducing resistance training intensity while maintaining effectiveness in muscle mass and strength development involves conducting training sessions under hypoxic conditions. This is likely due to heightened physiological responses. While sports science research indicates a substantial impact of hypoxic conditions on immediate increases in metabolic stress and augmented hormonal responses, recent findings suggest that the role of their influence on skeletal muscle adaptations post-resistance training under hypoxic conditions remains unknown. Additionally, there is a lack of reports on whether the type of hypoxia applied via blood flow restriction or chamber differentiates the increase in secretion of these catecholamines in both immediate and long-term aspects.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
60
4 sets of 30/15/15/15 repetitions of leg press exercise with a load of 20-30% of one-repetition maximum (weeks 1-3: 20%, weeks 4-6: 30%) in normoxic conditions performed twice a week for 6 weeks.
4 sets of 10 repetitions of leg press exercise at 70-80% one-repetition maximum (weeks 1-3: 70%, weeks 4-6: 80%) in normoxic conditions performed twice a week for 6 weeks.
4 sets of 30/15/15/15 repetitions of leg press exercise with a load of 20-30% of one-repetition maximum (weeks 1-3: 20%, weeks 4-6: 30%) in normoxic conditions with lower-limbs blood flow restriction (80% total occlusion pressure) performed twice a week for 6 weeks.
4 sets of 30/15/15/15 repetitions of leg press exercise with a load of 20-30% of one-repetition maximum (weeks 1-3: 20%, weeks 4-6: 30%) in hypoxia conditions (3500 meters above sea) performed twice a week for 6 weeks.
4 sets of 30/15/15/15 repetitions of leg press exercise with a load of 20-30% of one-repetition maximum (weeks 1-3: 20%, weeks 4-6: 30%) in normobaric hypoxia conditions (3500 meters above sea) with lower-limbs blood flow restriction (80% total occlusion pressure) performed twice a week for 6 weeks.
The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education
Katowice, Silesian Voivodeship, Poland
Force Output
Force plate will be used to quantify maximum absolute (N) and relative force output (body mass divided per force output in N/kg) during maximum voluntary isometric back squat in a 100ms time frame. Participants will be pushing as hard and as fast as they can on an unmoveable barbell while standing on a force plate.
Time frame: Immediately pre and post first and last training session
One-Repetition Maximum
One-Repetition Maximum test in leg press exercise will be performed to quantify maximum lower body dynamic strength (kg). Participants will be performing single repetitions of leg press exercise with increasing load until volitional failure.
Time frame: within 5 days from the start and end of training
Maximum Number of Repetitions
A maximum number of repetitions in leg press exercise will be performed to quantify lower body strength endurance (number). Participants will be performing leg press exercise at 50% of one-repetition maximum until volitional failure.
Time frame: within 5 days from the start and end of training
Countermovement Jump Height
Countermovement jump height will be performed estimated via take-off velocity performed on force plates to Participants will perform 3 trials on force plate.
Time frame: Immediately pre and post first and last training session
Countermovement Jump Power Output
Countermovement jump performance will be performed to quantify maximum lower body relative and absolute power-output (W/kg and W), and jump height (cm) with concomitant assessment of contraction depth (cm) and contraction time (ms). Participants will perform 3 trials on force plate.
Time frame: Immediately pre and post first and last training session
Catecholamine Response
A blood sample will be analyzed to quantify changes in epinephrine and norepinephrine level changes.
Time frame: Immediately pre and post first and last training session
Muscle Stiffness
Myotonometry measure will be used to quantify changes in vastus medialis oblique muscle stiffness in N/m
Time frame: Immediately pre and post first and last training session
Muscle Thickness
Ultrasonography measure will be used to quantify changes in vastus medialis oblique cross-sectional area.
Time frame: within 5 days from the start and end of training
Perception of Pain
A visual analogue scale will be used to quantify the perception of pain (units on a scale).
Time frame: Immediately pre and post every training session
Perception of Effort
The rate of perceived exertion scale will be used to quantify the perception of effort (units on a scale).
Time frame: Immediately pre and post every training session
Blood Pressure
Systolic and diastolic blood pressure will be measured to quantify blood pressure responses.
Time frame: Immediately pre and post first and last training session
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