Construction and Validation of a Risk Prediction Model for Secondary Vertebral Fracture in Patients With Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures After Percutaneous Vertebroplasty

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Meets the diagnostic criteria for primary osteoporosis as per the Osteoporosis Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines (2022); 2. No history of high-energy trauma; 3. Patient complains of pain in the lumbar region, confirmed by MRI showing a newly developed vertebral fracture from T5 to L5 (i.e., MRI shows low signal on T1 and high or slightly high signal on T2); 4. Has undergone Percutaneous Vertebroplasty (PVA) treatment. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Incomplete imaging or medical record data; 2. History of spinal surgeries other than PVA; 3. Pre-existing symptoms of spinal cord compression or nerve root injury; 4. Patients undergoing PVA treatment due to conditions such as tumors, vascular malformations, infections, or symptomatic Schmorl's nodes; 5. Chronic conditions like Kummell's disease or non-union of old fractures; 6. Concurrent vertebral burst fractures; 7. Diagnosis of central nervous system diseases such as dementia or stroke before or during the follow-up period post-PVA procedure; 8. History of violent trauma after PVA procedure.