Anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) encephalitis has been increasingly identified as the second most common type of autoimmune encephalitis after anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis. It presents with acute or subacute onset of epileptic seizures, anterograde amnesia, behavior disturbances, sleep disorders and hyponatremia. In most patients with anti-LGI1 encephalitis, immunotherapy is successful in treating the encephalitis. However, relapses, chronic epilepsy, cognitive declines and psychiatric problems have been reported in some cases. So far, prospective studies to evaluate its clinical outcomes still remain limited. In this project, the investigators will use clinical features and advanced paraclinical examinations to prospectively investigate the clinical outcomes and the associated factors in patients with anti-LGI1 encephalitis.
In this prospective study, the investigators are aiming to recruit newly diagnosed patients with anti-LGI1 encephalitis. At the acute stage and during the follow-up, some routine and advanced paraclinical examinations will be conducted, including dynamic blood and/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) test, multimodal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including functional MRI, diffusion tensor imaging, arterial spin labeling, et al), Electroencephalography (EEG) or continuous video-EEG (VEEG), positron emission tomography (PET), neuropsychological tests and some other paraclinical examinations. Through the comprehensive analysis, the clinical outcomes and associated factors are further explored in anti-LGI1 encephalitis.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
60
2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
RECRUITINGseizure outcomes
The incidence of different seizure outcomes and associated factors will be analyzed.
Time frame: 1 year, 2 year
Clinical severity and recovery 1
modified Rankin scale, ranging from 0-6, higher scores mean a worse outcome
Time frame: 1 year, 2 year
Clinical severity and recovery 2
clinical assessment scale for autoimmune encephalitis, ranging from 0-27, higher scores mean a worse outcome
Time frame: 1 year, 2 year
Incidence of recurrence
a relapse of encephalitis
Time frame: 1 year, 2 year
Memory assessment 1
the Wechsler Memory Scale, high score means a good memory.
Time frame: 1 year, 2 year
Memory assessment 2
Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), high score means a good vebal episodic memory.
Time frame: 1 year, 2 year
Brain volume
with 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), volumes of the whole hippocampus, hippocampal subfields and other relevant regions were determined using FreeSurfer. The unit of volume is described as mm3.
Time frame: 1 year, 2 year
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