Our aim was to describe the development and usability of a mobile device-based game therapy software for ADHD.
A total of 51 ADHD children and 52 healthy children were included in the study. At baseline, subjects underwent tests such as ADHD symptom-related scale assessments, computer-assisted information processing tests, and physiological-psychological tests, after which participants completed a 4-week game intervention training at home. After complete completion of the intervention, subjects repeated all tests from the baseline period and answered treatment satisfaction questions.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
TRIPLE
Enrollment
110
The cognitive impairment corresponding to the symptoms, which we are interested in, focuses on executive inhibition, motor inhibition, sustained attention, selective attention, working memory, and planning ability. The training content will be presented in different scenarios as effective training components. The story line of the warrior breakthrough runs through the whole game, each level is adapted according to the functional damage areas of different patients, and each level involves reward and punishment mechanisms to keep the interest of the players, the difficulty gradient of each level is kept moderate, and the game includes design elements such as space, time, object attributes, actions, rules, skills, and probabilities, etc., which ultimately completes Save the Muse Home, a serious game for the treatment of ADHD.
Nanjing Normal University
Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Beijing, China
Continuous Performance Test, CPT
CPT software is one of the commonly used tools for examining attention and is a computer-assisted information processing test with objective results, independent of supervisors, and is the most widely used experimental paradigm in current research. The CPT paradigm adopted in this study is the presence of a white boxed area on a black background on the calculator screen, with white squares randomly appearing above or below the white boxed area, requiring the target stimulus to be a right mouse button press when the square appears below it.
Time frame: baseline and post (an average of 30days after baseline)
Swanson Nolan, and Pelham-IV rating scales, SNAP-IV
The SNAP-IV rating scales (Swanson Nolan, and Pelham-IV rating scales, SNAP-IV) is a revised version of the Swanson, Nolan Pelham (SNAP) (Swanson, et al., 1983), which was developed based on the description of ADHD symptoms in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). It consists of three subscales: attention deficit, hyperactivity-impulsivity, and oppositional defiance, and is mainly used for screening, diagnostic support, and assessment of treatment efficacy and symptom improvement in children and adolescents between the ages of 6 and 18 years. Although SNAP-IV consists of 3 subscales, it is one scale, just like SDQ and BRIEF mentioned later.
Time frame: baseline and post (an average of 30days after baseline)
Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, SDQ
The SDQ is a brief behavioral screening questionnaire designed and developed by American psychologist Goodman R in 1997 based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV and the Diagnostic Criteria for the Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders, 10th Edition (ICD-10). It is used to assess behavioral and emotional problems in children and adolescents and has good reliability and validity.
Time frame: baseline and post (an average of 30days after baseline)
Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, BRIEF
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The scale consists of 86 entries in two major areas: the Behavior Management Index (BMI), which includes the three subscales of Inhibition, Conversion, and Affect, and Control, Conversion and Affect, and Control subscales; and the Metacognitive Functioning Index: five subscales including Task Initiation, Working Memory, Planning, Organization, and Monitoring. It has good reliability and validity.
Time frame: baseline and post (an average of 30days after baseline)
Anti-saccade task
First, present the central gaze point cross for 2s, the central cross disappeared while the target appeared as a green dot, randomly present four positions at 3°, 6° left and right sides horizontally, presentation time 1000ms, each angle randomly appeared 5 times for a total of 20 times, when the response is over a 300ms feedback point will appear in the correct position.
Time frame: baseline and post (an average of 30days after baseline)
Delay-saccade task
Presentation of the central gaze point cross for 2 s, the target stimulus appeared (the cross continued to exist) for the green origin randomly presented at four positions 3°, 6° left and right sides horizontally, presentation time 100 ms. Subsequently, the gaze point was presented only at the center of the screen for 1, 3, and 5 s, staring at the cross intently, and then the screen appeared to go blank for 1.4 s, the subject recalled looking at the beginning of the target, and the latter a 200-ms feedback point appeared at the correct location.
Time frame: baseline and post (an average of 30days after baseline)