The aim of this study is to investigate the validity, reliability, and responsiveness of the Cognitive Exercise Therapy Approach-Biopsychosocial Questionnaire (BETY-BQ) in individuals with temporomandibular disorder. The following are alternative hypotheses of the study: * BETY-BQ has significant convergence with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 measuring depression. * BETY-BQ has significant convergence with the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 measuring physical symptoms. * BETY-BQ has significant convergence with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 measuring anxiety. * BETY-BQ has significant convergence with the Short Form-36 measuring quality of life. * BETY-BQ has significant convergence with the Craniomandibular Pain and Disability Inventory measuring disability. * BETY-BQ has significant convergence with the Mandibular Function Impairment Questionnaire measuring function. * BETY-BQ has significant stability. * BETY-BQ has significant internal consistency.
Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (Depression), Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (Physical Symptoms), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (Anxiety), Short Form-36 (Quality of Life), Craniomandibular Pain and Disability Inventory (Disability), and Mandibular Function Impairment Questionnaire (Function) will be administered to participants. For reliability analysis, test-retest stability evaluations will be repeated with the same questionnaire on 30 individuals with a 2-week interval. To determine responsiveness, the same questionnaire will be reapplied to the same 30 individuals at 3-month intervals.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
150
Validity and reliability analyses will be performed using Cognitive Exercise Therapy Approach Biopsychosocial Questionnaire, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-15, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Short Form-36, Craniomandibular Pain and Disability Inventory, and Mandibular Function Impairment Questionnaire.
Karabük University
Karabük, Karabük Province, Turkey (Türkiye)
RECRUITINGHacettepe University
Ankara, Turkey (Türkiye)
RECRUITINGValidity of BETY-BQ in measuring depression
Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Minimum and maximum values are 0 and 3 points, respectively. Higher scores mean a worse outcome.
Time frame: Baseline
Validity of BETY-BQ in measuring physical symptoms
Patient Health Questionnaire-15. Minimum and maximum values are 0 and 2 points, respectively. Higher scores mean a worse outcome.
Time frame: Baseline
Validity of BETY-BQ in measuring anxiety
Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7. Minimum and maximum values are 0 and 3 points, respectively. Higher scores mean a worse outcome.
Time frame: Baseline
Validity of BETY-BQ in measuring quality of life
Short Form-36. It is a 36-item valid and reliable evaluation with eight areas covering physical functioning, role limitations brought on by physical issues, bodily pain, general health perceptions, vitality, social functioning, role limitations brought on by emotional issues, and perceived mental health. The SF-36 also contains a single question called "health transition" that measures how respondents feel their over health status has changed over the course of a year.
Time frame: Baseline
Validity of BETY-BQ in measuring disability
Craniomandibular Pain and Disability Inventory. Minimum and maximum values are 0 and 3 points, respectively. Higher scores mean a worse outcome.
Time frame: Baseline
Validity of BETY-BQ in measuring function
Mandibular Function Impairment Questionnaire. Minimum and maximum values are 0 and 4 points, respectively. Higher scores mean a worse outcome.
Time frame: Baseline
Test-retest stability of BETY-BQ
The Cognitive Exercise Therapy Approach Biopsychosocial Questionnaire will be repeated on 30 individuals with a 2-week interval.
Time frame: From baseline to 2nd week
Internal consistency of BETY-BQ
Cognitive Exercise Therapy Approach Biopsychosocial Questionnaire. Minimum and maximum values are 0 and 4 points, respectively. Higher scores mean a worse outcome.
Time frame: Baseline
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