The aim of this observational case-control study was to investigate the effect of diabetic peripheral neuropathy symptoms on temporomandibular joint functionality in patients with type 2 diabetes.
The number of participants planned to be included in the study was decided with the G-Power programme. While calculating the number of individuals to be included in the study, it was calculated that the sample size to obtain an effect size of 0.6 for the purpose of evaluation within the 95% confidence interval in a way to provide 80% study power at 5% Type 1 and 20% Type 2 error limits should be 74 (n=37) individuals. This study included 70 individuals (DM study group=40 individuals, control group=30 individuals). Peripheral neuropathy symptoms of all participants were evaluated with the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Test. In the evaluation of TMJ functionality, the presence of pain, maximum pain-free mouth opening, mandibular dysfunction and dysfunction were assessed with the help of scales. Duration of diabetes mellitus was recorded and quality of life was evaluated with Ferran Powers Quality of Life Index.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
70
A two-step test consisting of symptom questionnaire and physical examination was used. The symptom questionnaire includes 15 questions about the legs and feet. Physical examination includes assessment of the appearance of the feet, Achilles reflex, thumb vibration and monofilament tests.
In this simple method, which is frequently used to measure pain intensity in the clinic and whose validity and reliability have been demonstrated, the participant is asked to mark a number on a 10 cm scale with numbers ranging from "0" (no pain) to "10" (unbearable pain) for the pain.
Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University
Balıkesir, Bandirma, Turkey (Türkiye)
Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument
The symptom questionnaire includes 15 questions about the legs and feet. Physical examination includes assessment of the appearance of the feet, Achilles reflex, thumb vibration and monofilament tests. High score indicates increased neuropathy
Time frame: May 2023- November 2023
Numeric Pain Scale
The participant is asked to mark a number on a 10 cm scale, on which numbers are shown in the range of "0" (no pain) to "10" (unbearable pain) for the pain. High score indicates increased pain
Time frame: May 2023- November 2023
Maximum pain-free mouth opening
The maximum pain-free mouth opening was recorded using a 15 cm ruler
Time frame: May 2023- November 2023
Mandibular Function Disorder Questionnaire
This scale evaluating mandibular dysfunction consists of two dimensions and 17 questions.A high total score obtained from the questionnaire indicates a high level of impairment in jaw function.
Time frame: May 2023- November 2023
Fonseca Anamnestic Index
This scale includes 10 questions. The presence of TMD is accepted in those with a score of 25. High score indicates increased dysfunction.
Time frame: May 2023- November 2023
Ferrans&Powers Quality of Life Index Diabetes Version
The Quality of Life Assessment Index consists of two parts and a total of 68 items. A high score indicates a good quality of life
Time frame: May 2023- November 2023
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This valid and reliable scale evaluating mandibular dysfunction consists of two dimensions and 17 questions.A high total score obtained from the questionnaire indicates a high level of impairment in jaw function
This scale, which is valid and reliable as a TMJ disorder assessment tool, includes 10 questions. The presence of TMD is accepted in those with a score of 25.
This index consists of two parts and a total of 68 items. A high score indicates a good quality of life.