Pelvic Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) Exercises in Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Overview

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune, demyelinating disease that progresses with motor and sensory loss of the central nervous system and causes disability at different levels. Although signs and symptoms vary depending on the location of the lesion, findings such as loss of muscle strength, spasticity, sensory disorders and fatigue cause decreases in walking function in the majority of patients. Loss of muscle strength and fatigue cause loss of mobility, causing individuals with MS to be less physically active than healthy adults in the same age group. As a result, approximately 40% of individuals with MS have walking problems and approximately 70% of them experience a decrease in daily living activities. Literature studies frequently include strengthening exercises for lower extremity muscles in MS patients. However, the results of pelvic pattern exercises, which are the key to lower extremity movements, are not specified. In this study, which is planned in the light of this information, the findings obtained from pelvic PNF exercises will serve to fill this gap in the literature.

According to the data of the Turkish Neurology Association, it is estimated that there are approximately 40,000 MS patients in Turkey. The fact that it is the most common neurological disease in young adults further increases the importance of the need for effective treatment programs. Exercise training, which aims to improve the functional losses caused by the disease, constitutes a very important part of rehabilitation protocols. For example, while the effects of resistant exercise training have been investigated in athletes and healthy individuals, no definitive results have been obtained regarding correct and effective exercise approaches in MS. The basic principle of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques, defined as facilitating the responses of the neuromuscular mechanism by stimulating the proprioceptors and briefly expressed as PNF, is based on the principle that physiological movements in the human body have rotational and oblique characters and that a greater response can be achieved with movements performed against maximum resistance. It consists of the pelvis, sacrum, innominate bones (ilium, ischium, pubis) and coccyx. The vertebral column is directly connected to the lower extremities through the sacroiliac joint and is a weight-bearing structure. Pelvic patterns are in harmony with lower extremity patterns. Because the pelvis actually consists of different functional structures and is in relationship with the lower extremities through the hip joint. Pelvic movements and stability are necessary for adequate function of both the trunk and lower extremities. The therapeutic purposes of pelvic patterns are as follows; * Pelvic movements and stabilization, * Body stabilization and movements, * Rotation etc. functional activities, * To improve lower extremity movements and stabilization Studies conducted on multiple sclerosis patients indicate that walking patterns differ compared to healthy individuals of the same age. Therefore, the main aim of MS rehabilitation is to maintain walking ability and ensure mobility. To this end; Muscle strength, especially proximal muscles, needs to be increased. Also MS; It is a neurological disease that affects the structures responsible for maintaining balance, such as muscle strength and tone, sensory perception, vision and cognition. For this reason, it is reported that balance and gait control are impaired in approximately 80% of MS patients, increasing the number of falls of patients. Because MS disease involves many areas such as the cerebral hemisphere, brainstem and spinal cord, the cause of balance loss may vary from patient to patient. Balance; It is a response formed jointly by visual, sensory, vestibular systems and motor responses. It is complex because of the way systems work together. There is no definitive evidence as to which system is more effective. However, studies have shown that there is a relationship between loss of muscle strength and decreased walking speed and balance problems. It is stated that lower extremity muscle strength is effective on balance because it supports mobility the most and also plays a fundamental role in sensoriomotor functions. Literature studies frequently include strengthening exercises for lower extremity muscles in MS patients. However, the results of pelvic pattern exercises, which are the key to lower extremity movements, are not specified. In this study, which we planned in the light of this information, the findings obtained from pelvic PNF exercises will serve to fill this gap in the literature. The hypothesis is that pelvic PNF applications will be superior to lower extremity strengthening exercises in the development of muscle strength, balance and gait in patients with MS who receive 6-week training.