This is a 10-week human study involving 24 younger (20-35 y) and 24 older (65-85 y) healthy individuals. All participants will undergo unilateral immobilization of a knee for 7-10 days, followed by 4 weeks of heavy resistance exercise training (HReT). Half of the participants (12 younger and 12 older) will also undergo 4 weeks HReT prior to the immobilization. Prehabilitative exercise may confer protective effects on subsequent immobilization, and the various underlying mechanisms involved
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
64
3-4 weeks of heavy resistance exercise
Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen
Copenhagen, Capital Region, Denmark
Quadriceps cross-sectional area
Quadriceps cross-sectional area measured by MRI
Time frame: From pre (week 0) to post immobilization (week 5)
Muscle fiber size
Muscle fiber size assessed by histochemical stainings
Time frame: From pre (week 0) to post immobilization (week 5) and post retraining (week 10)
Denervated muscle fibers
Assessment denervated fibers using histochemical stainings
Time frame: From pre (week 0) to post immobilization (week 5) and post retraining (week 10)
Muscle protein synthesis
Muscle protein synthesis assessed using deuterium (heavy water)
Time frame: From pre immobilization (week 4) to post immobilization (week 5)
Muscle gene expression
Muscle gene expression assessed by RNA sequencing
Time frame: From pre (week 0) to post immobilization (week 5) and post retraining (week 10)
Brain structure
Brain structure measured by MRI
Time frame: From pre (week 0) to post immobilization (week 5) and post retraining (week 10)
Brain function
Brain function measured by MRI
Time frame: From pre (week 0) to post immobilization (week 5) and post retraining (week 10)
Tendon structure
Tendon structure measured by MRI
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Time frame: From pre (week 0) to post immobilization (week 5)
Tendon ultrastructure
Tendon tissue analysed by molecular analyses
Time frame: From pre immobilization (week 4) to post immobilization (week 5)
Lean-body mass
Whole-body and thigh lean-body mass assessed using DEXA-scans
Time frame: From pre (week 0) to post immobilization (week 5) and post retraining (week 10)
Muscle strength
Muscle strength during knee extension assessed using isokinetic and isometric dynamometers
Time frame: From pre (week 0) to post immobilization (week 5) and post retraining (week 10)
Balance
One-legged balanced assessed using a force platform
Time frame: From pre (week 0) to post immobilization (week 5) and post retraining (week 10)
Force variability
Force variability during knee extension assessed using submaximal isometric contractions
Time frame: From pre (week 0) to post immobilization (week 5) and post retraining (week 10)