Healthy young males will complete five trials in a randomized crossover counter-balanced order, including three different inter-set rest of resistance exercise in equal training volume, one repeated until failure and sedentary control. During each trial, blood samples will be collected. The investigators hypothesized that different inter-set rest and training volume would affect subjective appetite and energy intake.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
18
Subjects in short inter-set rest trial performed 3 sets per exercise, 7 repetitions with load of 70%-1RM with 60 sec of rest between sets.
Subjects in medium inter-set rest trial performed 3 sets per exercise, 7 repetitions with load of 70%-1RM with 120 sec of rest between sets.
Subjects in long inter-set rest trial performed 3 sets per exercise, 7 repetitions with load of 70%-1RM with 180 sec of rest between sets.
National Taiwan Normal University
Taipei, Taiwan
Subjective appetite
The appetite perceptions were obtained through a 0-100 mm visual analog scale. The variables assessed included perceptions of hunger (i.e., "How hungry do you feel?"), satisfaction (i.e., "How satisfied do you feel?"), fullness (i.e., "How full do you feel?"), prospective food consumption (i.e., "How much do you think you can eat?"), and nausea (i.e., "How nauseous do you feel?"), with 0 indicating "not at all" and 100 signifying "extremely.".
Time frame: 4-hour during each study intervention
Change in acyl-Ghrelin
acyl-Ghrelin in pg/mL
Time frame: 4-hour during each study intervention
Change in total-Ghrelin
total-Ghrelin in pg/mL
Time frame: 4-hour during each study intervention
Change in PYY
PYY in pg/mL
Time frame: 4-hour during each study intervention
Change in active-GLP-1
active-GLP-1 in pg/mL
Time frame: 4-hour during each study intervention
Change in total-GLP-1
total-GLP-1 in pg/mL
Time frame: 4-hour during each study intervention
Change in lactate
insulin in mmol/L
Time frame: 4-hour during each study intervention
Explicit liking
A visual analog scale ranging from 0 to 100 mm was utilized to evaluate the question, "How pleasant would it be to taste some of this food now?" with 0 indicating "not at all" and 100 signifying "extremely."
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Subjects in long inter-set rest trial performed 3 sets per exercise, repeated to failure with load of 70%-1RM with 120 sec of rest between sets.
Time frame: 4 hours during each study intervention
Explicit wanting
A visual analog scale ranging from 0 to 100 mm was utilized to evaluate the question, "How much do you want some of this food now?" with 0 indicating "not at all" and 100 signifying "extremely."
Time frame: 4 hours during each study intervention
Implicit wanting
Participants were given a set of food image pairs and were asked to select their preference by answering the question, "Which food do you desire the most at the moment?". The implicit wanting calculation involved further consideration of response time data based on preference choices using a standardized equation.
Time frame: 4 hours during each study intervention
Relative preference
Participants were given a set of food image pairs and were asked to select their preference by answering the question, "Which food do you desire the most at the moment?". The relative preference was the sum of the times each type of food was chosen, with a maximum value of 48 and a minimum value of 0.
Time frame: 4 hours during each study intervention
Fat appeal bias
Fat preference (high or low) was calculated by subtracting the mean low-fat scores from the mean high-fat scores. Positive values suggest a preference for high-fat foods, while negative scores indicate a preference for low-fat or savory foods, and a score of 0 signifies an equal preference between fat content.
Time frame: 4 hours during each study intervention
Taste appeal bias
Taste preference (savoury or sweet) was calculated by subtracting the mean savory scores from the mean sweet scores. Positive values suggest a preference for sweet foods, while negative scores indicate a preference for savory foods, and a score of 0 signifies an equal preference between taste categories.
Time frame: 4 hours during each study intervention
Change in glucose
glucose in mg/dL
Time frame: 4 hours during each study intervention
Change in TG
TG in mg/dL
Time frame: 4 hours during each study intervention
Change in insulin
insulin in mU/L
Time frame: 4 hours during each study intervention
Energy intake
Participants are required to record their diet for the day before, the current day, and the day following the experiment.
Time frame: 3 days during each study intervention