The impact of a proprietary training program in normobaric hypoxia on changes in bone turnover markers as well as carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in premenopausal women falls within the realm of physical culture for an active and healthy society. Within this context, the implementation of a project is supported aiming to: 1. Monitor, support, and promote physical development, fitness, and physical activity in society, by assessing the effects of a proprietary training program in normobaric hypoxia on changes in bone turnover markers as well as carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in premenopausal women. 2. Develop and implement innovative methods, forms, and means of physical activation and training for individuals of various ages, by formulating general assumptions of an endurance-strength training concept under normobaric hypoxia conditions, concerning changes in bone turnover markers as well as carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in premenopausal women. 3. Prevent injuries in physical education and sports, by designing a useful training program for osteoporosis prevention as well as for managing carbohydrate and lipid metabolism disorders in premenopausal women.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
DIAGNOSTIC
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
60
Participants will perform endurance-strength training for 4 weeks in a variety of environmental conditions. Somatic indices and quantitative indicators of bone mass (bone mineral density) will be measured both before and after the training period. Before the first training day and the day after the last training day, blood will be drawn for biochemical analysis.
Passive exposure to normobaric hypoxia conditions. No training intervention. There will be a measurement of selected somatic indices and a quantitative measurement of bone mass indices (bone mineral density). A blood draw for biochemical analysis will be performed.
University School of Physical Education in Cracow
Krakow, Poland
NOT_YET_RECRUITINGUniversity School of Physical Education in Cracow
Krakow, Poland
RECRUITINGBlood analysis- part 1
Bone turnover markers: bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (ng/ml), osteocalcin (ng/ml), N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ng/ml), osteoprotegerin (ng/ml), 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 metabolite (ng/ml).
Time frame: Before (10 minutes) and after (3 minutes) the first and last training.The training will last 4 weeks and will consist of 12 workouts
Blood analysis- part 2
Hormones of lipid metabolism: adiponectin (μg/mL)
Time frame: Before (10 minutes) and after (3 minutes) the first and last training.The training will last 4 weeks and will consist of 12 workouts
Blood analysis- part 3
Hormones of lipid metabolism: lipid profile (mg/dL)
Time frame: Before (10 minutes) and after (3 minutes) the first and last training.The training will last 4 weeks and will consist of 12 workouts
Blood analysis- part 4
Hormones of lipid metabolism: lipoprotein atherogenicity index (no unit)
Time frame: Before (10 minutes) and after (3 minutes) the first and last training.The training will last 4 weeks and will consist of 12 workouts
Blood analysis- part 5
Hormones of carbohydrate metabolism: glucose (mg/dL)
Time frame: Before (10 minutes) and after (3 minutes) the first and last training.The training will last 4 weeks and will consist of 12 workouts
Blood analysis- part 6
Hormones of carbohydrate metabolism: insulin (IU/mL), leptin (IU/mL), ghrelin (IU/mL)
Time frame: Before (10 minutes) and after (3 minutes) the first and last training.The training will last 4 weeks and will consist of 12 workouts
Blood analysis- part 7
Thyroid hormones: Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (IU/L)
Time frame: Before (10 minutes) and after (3 minutes) the first and last training.The training will last 4 weeks and will consist of 12 workouts
Blood analysis- part 8
Vitamins: Vitamin D (ng/mL)
Time frame: Before (10 minutes) and after (3 minutes) the first and last training.The training will last 4 weeks and will consist of 12 workouts
Blood analysis- part 9
Plasma volume changes (ml/kg)
Time frame: Before (10 minutes) and after (3 minutes) the first and last training.The training will last 4 weeks and will consist of 12 workouts
Blood analysis- part 10
Rheology: viscosity (Pa·s), viscoelasticity (Pa·s)
Time frame: Before (10 minutes) and after (3 minutes) the first and last training.The training will last 4 weeks and will consist of 12 workouts
Blood analysis- part 11
Rheology: shear rate (s-¹)
Time frame: Before (10 minutes) and after (3 minutes) the first and last training.The training will last 4 weeks and will consist of 12 workouts
Blood analysis- part 12
Rheology: shear stress (Pa), elastic modulus (Pa)
Time frame: Before (10 minutes) and after (3 minutes) the first and last training.The training will last 4 weeks and will consist of 12 workouts
Blood analysis- part 13
Blood biochemistry: erythrocytes (million/μL)
Time frame: Before (10 minutes) and after (3 minutes) the first and last training.The training will last 4 weeks and will consist of 12 workouts
Blood analysis- part 14
Blood biochemistry: leukocytes (thousand/μL), platelets (thousand/μL)
Time frame: Before (10 minutes) and after (3 minutes) the first and last training.The training will last 4 weeks and will consist of 12 workouts
Blood analysis- part 15
Blood biochemistry: hemoglobin (g/dL)
Time frame: Before (10 minutes) and after (3 minutes) the first and last training.The training will last 4 weeks and will consist of 12 workouts
Blood analysis- part 16
Blood biochemistry: hematocrit (%), red cell distribution width (%)
Time frame: Before (10 minutes) and after (3 minutes) the first and last training.The training will last 4 weeks and will consist of 12 workouts
Blood analysis- part 17
Blood biochemistry: mean corpuscular volume (femtoliter)
Time frame: Before (10 minutes) and after (3 minutes) the first and last training.The training will last 4 weeks and will consist of 12 workouts
Blood analysis- part 18
Blood biochemistry: mean corpuscular hemoglobin (picogram)
Time frame: Before (10 minutes) and after (3 minutes) the first and last training.The training will last 4 weeks and will consist of 12 workouts
Blood analysis- part 19
Blood biochemistry: mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (g/dL), albumin (g/dL)
Time frame: Before (10 minutes) and after (3 minutes) the first and last training.The training will last 4 weeks and will consist of 12 workouts
Blood analysis- part 20
Blood biochemistry: creatinine (mg/dL), bilirubin (mg/dL), blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL)
Time frame: Before (10 minutes) and after (3 minutes) the first and last training.The training will last 4 weeks and will consist of 12 workouts
Blood analysis- part 21
Blood biochemistry: erythrocyte sedimentation rate (mm/h)
Time frame: Before (10 minutes) and after (3 minutes) the first and last training.The training will last 4 weeks and will consist of 12 workouts
Blood analysis- part 22
Blood biochemistry: alanine aminotransferase (U/L), aspartate aminotransferase (U/L)
Time frame: Before (10 minutes) and after (3 minutes) the first and last training.The training will last 4 weeks and will consist of 12 workouts
Blood analysis- part 23
Blood biochemistry: ferritin (ng/mL)
Time frame: Before (10 minutes) and after (3 minutes) the first and last training.The training will last 4 weeks and will consist of 12 workouts
Bone mass- part 1
To identify quantitative indicators of bone mass, a densitometric study will be performed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Selected quantitative indicators of bone mass will be measured: bone mineral density (g/cm\^2).
Time frame: 1 day before and 1 day after the training program. Training will last 4 weeks.
Bone mass- part 2
To identify quantitative indicators of bone mass, a densitometric study will be performed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Selected quantitative indicators of bone mass will be measured: T-score (no unit).
Time frame: 1 day before and 1 day after the training program. Training will last 4 weeks.
Bone mass- part 3
To identify quantitative indicators of bone mass, a densitometric study will be performed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Selected quantitative indicators of bone mass will be measured: Z-score (no unit).
Time frame: 1 day before and 1 day after the training program. Training will last 4 weeks.
Bone mass- part 4
To identify quantitative indicators of bone mass, a densitometric study will be performed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Selected quantitative indicators of bone mass will be measured: relative skeletal-muscular index (kg/m\^2).
Time frame: 1 day before and 1 day after the training program. Training will last 4 weeks.
Somatic indicators- part 1
A densitometry study using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) will be conducted to determine body composition: lean body mass (kg).
Time frame: 1 day before and 1 day after the training program. Training will last 4 weeks.
Somatic indicators- part 2
A densitometry study using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) will be conducted to determine body composition: percentage of body fat (%).
Time frame: 1 day before and 1 day after the training program. Training will last 4 weeks.
Somatic indicators- part 3
A densitometry study using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) will be conducted to determine body composition: fat mass (kg).
Time frame: 1 day before and 1 day after the training program. Training will last 4 weeks
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