Opioid Free Anaesthesia Versus Opioid Based Anesthesia for Laparscopic Cholecystectomy

Overview

The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of Opioid-free anesthesia (OFA) with opioid anaesthesia (OA) in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (LC) is a standard surgical procedure for cholelithiasis and gallstone disease, became rapidly the procedure of choice for gallbladder disease and It decreases postoperative pain, decreases the need for postoperative analgesia, shortens the hospital stay, and returns the patient to full activity within 1 week (compared with 1 month after open cholecystectomy). LC also provides less scars and improved patient satisfaction as compared with open cholecystectomy Pneumoperitoneum is created using Carbon dioxide, and a camera and dissecting instruments are introduced in the abdominal cavity. Initiation and maintenance of pneumoperitoneum cause hemodynamic stress, which is attenuated by adequate anesthesia depth and often multimodal analgesia. Although laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a standard minimally invasive surgical procedure, some patients may have significant morbidity in the first 24 to 72 hours during the postoperative period Opioids are commonly used for intraoperative analgesia and sedation during general anesthesia and are among the most widely used agents for treating acute pain in the immediate postoperative period. Opioids are known to provide adequate analgesia and stable intraoperative hemodynamics, which are the most critical concerns during the perioperative period. Although opioids are an essential constituent of balanced anesthesia, their use has been questioned due to severe and significant adverse effects Moreover, the availability of potent opioids in low-resource settings is also a remarkable challenge. To tackle this situation several suitable alternatives were explored. Preemptive and multimodal analgesia is an established care model that minimizes perioperative opioid consumption, thereby minimizing adverse effects and promoting positive outcomes after surgery These techniques combine the pharmacologic effects of multiple analgesics to achieve a synergistic effect of their different modes of action and curtail individual drug doses, thereby minimizing their side effects, Opioid-free anesthesia (OFA) Sympathetic and parasympathetic suppression can be achieved today with loco-regional anaesthesia or by several non-opioid drugs. Opioid free general anaesthesia can be achieved with 50 mg ketamine given after propofol and before incision in spontaneous breathing patients like for plastic surgery .The alpha-2agonists , suppress better the sympathetic system and can replace opioids for sympathetic stabilization in major surgery

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