Normal Values of Cardiac Measurements by Echocardiography in Chinese Based on Artificial Intelligence

Inclusion Criteria: * Age ≥ 18 years; No history or clinical evidence of cardiac, cardiovascular, lung, or kidney disease; No abnormal findings on physical examination, biochemical examination, electrocardiography, or echocardiography. Exclusion Criteria: * Hypertension (blood pressure \[BP\] \> 140/80 mmHg) or receiving medication for hypertension; body mass index \> 30 kg/m2; total cholesterol ≥ 6.2 mmol/L, triglyceride ≥ 2.3 mmol/L, or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol \< 1.0 mmol/L; endocrine diseases, such as diabetes mellitus (fasting blood glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L), thyroid disease, pheochromocytoma, adrenal insufficiency, and hyperaldosteronism; anemia; abnormal liver function; connective tissue diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, vasculitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, and scleroderma; malignancy; current pregnancy or lactation; professional sport activity; and a history of alcoholism.