Executive Function and Parenting in Childhood

Inclusion Criteria: * Children must be between the ages of 4 years old and 5 years, 11 months old * Parent must be the legal guardian of the target child and must live with the child full-time * Parents will be 18 years and older (no maximum age limit) * Only one child and one parent per family can participate in the study * Child is Medicaid eligible, defined as receiving Medicaid or eligible based on family income (up to 142 percent of the federal poverty level) * At enrollment the child will have moderate-to-severe (i.e., (sub)clinical) impairments in executive functioning as indicated by having a global executive composite standardized score greater than or equal to 60 on the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool Version (BRIEF-P), which will be completed by parents at the initial screen * Given that some assessment materials are only validated in English, parents and children for this study will need to be English-speaking * Child does not have a prior or current diagnosis of a disruptive behavior disorder based on Diagnostic Statistical Manual, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria * Child is not currently receiving mental health services * Child does not take medications to treat emotional or behavioral problems * Child does not have a medical condition, such as epilepsy, that would interfere with the completion of study tasks * Child is not actively suicidal * Child does not have a history of psychosis or currently psychotic * Parent does not have a medical condition that would interfere with the completion of the study * Parent does not have an intellectual disability that would interfere with their ability to complete the study * Parent does not have a severe mental illness, active suicidal ideation, or current alcohol/substance abuse/dependence that would interfere with their ability to participate in the study * Child can have a current or past histories of psychiatric disorders (anxiety, mood, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) * Parent can have current or past history of psychiatric disorders * Parent can be taking medications to treat mental health problems Exclusion Criteria: * Child is not between the ages of 4-5 years old * The parent is not the legal guardian of the target child * The parent does not live with the child full-time * The parent is younger than 18 years old * Child is not receiving Medicaid or Medicaid eligible * Child does not have (sub)clinical impairments in executive functioning as indicated by having a global executive composite standardized score greater than or equal to 60 on the BRIEF * Child and parent are not English-Speaking * Child has a prior or current diagnosis of a disruptive behavior disorder based on DSM-5 criteria * Child is currently receiving mental health services * Child currently takes medications to treat emotional or behavioral problems * Child has a medical condition, such as epilepsy, that would interfere with the completion of study tasks * Child is actively suicidal * Child has a history of psychosis or is currently psychotic * Parent is not willing to be randomly assigned to receive the Chicago Parent Program intervention or to the control condition where they will not receive an intervention * Parent has a medical condition that would interfere with the completion of the study * Parent has an intellectual disability that would interfere with their ability to complete the study * Parent has a severe mental illness and/or active suicidal ideation