The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a vein imaging device and virtual reality distraction on the success of peripheral intravenous catheter (PIC) placement, intervention duration, emotional appearance, pain, fear, and anxiety related to PIC intervention in children aged 4-10 years in a pediatric emergency unit.
The children were divided into four groups: control group, vein imaging group, virtual reality group, and vein imaging and virtual reality group. The duration of the intervention and the number of PIC interventions performed on each patient were recorded. The children were assessed before and after the procedure using the Emotional Appearance Scale for Children. After the procedure, the Child Fear Scale and Child Anxiety Scale-State were used to evaluate the most painful moment experienced by the child during the procedure using the Wong-Baker FACES (WB-FACES) and Color Analog Scale.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
160
The PIC region was visualized with the help of the device, and the vein to which the intervention would be applied was determined.
The child watched the application by wearing virtual glasses during the PIC insertion
The PIC region was visualized with the help of the device, and the vein to which the intervention would be applied was determined. The child watched the application by wearing virtual glasses during the PIC insertion
Gülçin Özalp Gerçeker
Izmir, Turkey (Türkiye)
Pain assesed by Wong-Baker FACES
Wong-Baker FACES (WB-FACES) Pain Rating Scale used. This scale uses in children aged 3 and older to rate pain severity. This numeric rating scale ranges from 0 to 10.
Time frame: immediately after the vascular access (on average 2-3 minutes later)
Anxiety assesed by Children Anxiety Meter-State
The Children's Anxiety Meter. The Children's Anxiety Meter assesses children's anxiety and uses before medical procedures. This scale is drawn like a thermometer with a bulb at the bottom and also includes horizontal lines at intervals going up to the top (0-10). higher scores mean a worse outcome.
Time frame: immediately after the vascular access (on average 2-3 minutes later)
Fear assesed by Child Fear Scale
The Child Fear Scale. This one-item scale measures procedure-related fear in children, consisting of five sex-neutral faces ranging from 0 (no fear) to extreme fear. This rating scale ranges from 0 to 4. It ranges from a no-fear (neutral) face (0) on the far left to a face showing extreme fear on the far right. Higher scores mean a worse outcome.
Time frame: immediately after the vascular access (on average 2-3 minutes later)
the success of peripheral intravenous catheter (PIC) placement
first IV attempt
Time frame: at PIC insertion
Emotional Appearance by Emotional Appearance Scale for Children
This scale allows direct behavioral observation, and consists of 5 different behavioral categories; 'Facial Expression', 'Speaking', 'Activity', 'Interaction' and 'Cooperation Level'. Scale scoring is done by reviewing the descriptions of behavior in each category and selecting the numerical value that most represent the observed behavior. Each category is scored from 1 to 5. The total score is made so that the numerical value is between 5-25 by adding the points obtained for each category. A higher scale score indicates the appearance of more negative emotional behaviors.
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Time frame: before the PIC insertion and immediately after the PIC insertion (on average 2-3 minutes later)]