The Effect of LIPUS on the Maturation of Newly Constructed Autogenous AVF

Inclusion Criteria: 1.18 years old ≤ Age ≤ 75 years old, regardless of gender or ethnicity; 2.Dialysis or non-dialysis patients who have newly established autologous arteriovenous fistula in the wrist and have not yet used the fistula for hemodialysis treatment; 3.Before establishing an autologous arteriovenous fistula in the wrist, ultrasound examination will be performed. The radial artery diameter at the intended surgical site is\>1.5mm, and the head vein diameter is\>2mm （using a tourniquet）. The arterial and venous blood flow are unobstructed, and the distance between the vein and the skin is\<6mm; 4\. After introducing dialysis, the calcium ion concentration in the dialysate will be maintained at 1.5mmol/L during the dialysis period, and low molecular weight heparin will be used for anticoagulation. The dosage of low molecular weight heparin remains unchanged （±1000U） during the study period; 5\. Sign an informed consent form. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Poor healing of internal fistula surgical incision; 2. Active bacterial or viral infections; 3. Pregnant women; 4. The patient underwent kidney transplantation or was transferred to peritoneal dialysis during the study period; 5. Subject ALT, AST ≥ 3 × upper limit of normal values; 6. Within 3 months, according to NYHA classification, heart function is classified as level III-IV; 7. Newly diagnosed unstable angina and cerebrovascular events within 3 months; 8. Blood pressure below 90/60mmHg or above 180/100mmHg in the past 2 weeks; 9. During the study period, patients did not follow medical advice and arbitrarily changed the types and dosages of other anticoagulants or anticoagulants (such as aspirin, clopidogrel, Agat Roban, etc.); 10. Combine the use of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants, such as tacrolimus, cyclosporine, MMF, azathioprine, leflunomide, Tripterygium wilfordii glycosides, etc; 11. Other researchers consider inappropriate situations, such as coexisting with malignant tumors, where the expected lifespan is less than 6 months; 12. I have participated in other clinical trials within 4 weeks prior to the start of this study.