Vessels that encapsulate tumor clusters (VETC) is an invasive metastatic factor in HCC independent of the epithelial mesenchyme transition (EMT), and VETC-positive patients have a higher rate of postoperative recurrence. However, it is not clear how the surgical prognosis of VETC-positive patients can be improved.
Previous studies have identified VETC as a new metastatic pattern independent of EMT that may be associated with immunosuppression as well as poor prognosis. Multiple retrospective studies find higher rates of postoperative recurrence, distant metastasis in VETC-positive patients. How to improve surgical prognosis in VETC-positive patients needs to be explored. There is no consensus on postoperative adjuvant therapy for HCC. In recent years, adjuvant immunotherapy (sintilimab) and adjuvant immunotherapy combined with targeted therapy (T+A) have been shown to be effective in improving the surgical prognosis. Therefore, the investigators retrospectively collected three surgical resection cohorts, the surgical resection alone group, the postoperative adjuvant PD-1 monotherapy group, and the postoperative adjuvant PD-1 monotherapy combined with Lenvatinib group, to compare these postoperative adjuvant therapies in a subgroup of VETC patients.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
462
Adjuvant PD-1 group: Patient receives first adjuvant PD-1 monoclonal antibody 2-4 weeks postoperatively, 200mg IV over 21 days for 9 cycles. Adjuvant PD-1 plus Lenvatinib group: Patient receives first adjuvant PD-1 monoclonal antibody 2-4 weeks postoperatively, 200 mg IV 21 days for 9 cycles; lenvatinib is initiated orally 2-4 weeks postoperatively for 6 months.
Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Wuhan, Hubei, China
Disease -free survival
Disease-free survival was defined as defined as the time from enrollment to diagnosis of recurrence or death from any cause.
Time frame: From date of include in this research until the date of first documented recurrence or date of death from any cause, whichever came first, assessed up to 60 months
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