The overall objective of this research is to determine the digestive faith and health impact of protein and fiber rich foods in different food matrices in type 2 diabetes risk population. This is achieved by controlled postprandial intervention where plasma amino acids, lipids, glucose metabolism, bile acids and microbial metabolites are evaluated as well as fecal microbiota and metabolites.
Detailed research aim of this controlled, randomized crossover postprandial clinical study are: 1. To study the impact of complex plant- and animal-based foods on glucose metabolism, acute inflammation, and markers of microbial fermentation of fiber and proteins. 2. To investigate the difference in the gut mediated metabolism induced by naturally occurring fiber fraction bound plant protein or by plant protein with added fiber when compared to animal protein. 3. To conduct in vitro experiments using fecal samples from participants in the meal study to investigate the distinctions between different animal and plant proteins on both host and microbial metabolites, as well as the function of the gut barrier.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
24
In the intervention participants are assigned to eat high protein and fiber meal that differ in protein source or structure.
The control meal is low fiber and low protein meal.
University of Eastern Finland
Kuopio, Finland
RECRUITINGPlasma amino acids
Plasma free amino acids were measured at 0, 30, 60, 90, 180, and 240 minutes after consuming the study meal.
Time frame: 0-4 hours
Gut derived metabolites
Gut derived metabolites are measured with untargeted metabolomics from plasma at 12 hours after consuming the study meal. From fecal sample, the metabolomics are measured at 24 hours after consuming the study meal. Plasma short chain fatty acids are quantified at 12 hours after consuming the study meal.
Time frame: 0-24 hours
Plasma glucose
Plasma glucose is measured at 0, 30, 60, 90, 180, and 240 minutes after consuming the study meal.
Time frame: 0-4 hours
Inflammation marker
Plasma IL-22 is measured at 0, 60, 240 minutes after consuming the study meal.
Time frame: 0-4 hours
Plasma triglycerides
Plasma triglycerides are measured at 0, 30, 60, 90, 180, and 240 minutes after consuming the study meal.
Time frame: 0-4 hours
Urine para-cresol
The amount of para-cresol is measured from urine sample at 24 hours after consuming the study meal.
Time frame: 24 hours
Plasma insulin
Plasma insulin is measured at 0, 30, 60, 90, 180, and 240 minutes after consuming the study meal.
Time frame: 0-4 hours
Plasma free fatty acids
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Plasma free fatty acids are measured at 0, 30, 60, 90, 180, and 240 minutes after consuming the study meal.
Time frame: 0-4 hours