The goal of this 12-week clinical trial is to investigate the effectiveness of different exercise types in treating Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and to explore their impact on myokine levels associated with lipid metabolism. The main questions it aims to answer are: 1. How does the type and dose of exercise affect the treatment of NAFLD? 2. What is the influence of exercise interventions in NAFLD treatment on myokine levels related to lipid metabolism? 3. How does motivational interviewing contribute to lifestyle modification in the treatment of NAFLD? Participants in this study will engage in assigned exercise routines randomly, including HIIT, resistance training, or FATmax exercises. Additionally, motivational interviewing techniques will be employed to assess their impact on lifestyle changes. Researchers will compare the outcomes among the different exercise groups, along with a control group receiving only standard care for NAFLD. This comparison aims to determine the respective effects of these interventions on both NAFLD and associated myokine levels.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
144
The exercise interventions in this study include High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT), involving brief bursts of intense exercise; Resistance Exercise, focusing on strength and muscle endurance; and Fatmax Exercise, tailored to optimize fat oxidation during aerobic activity.
Motivational Interviewing will be employed as a counseling technique to elicit behavior change by fostering collaborative and empathetic conversations, enhancing motivation for positive lifestyle modifications in individuals with liver fat accumulation.
Yeditepe University
Istanbul, Ataşehir, Turkey (Türkiye)
RECRUITINGChange in the liver steatosis grade
Changes in the level of liver fat accumulation in radiological abdominal ultrasonography (USG) will be observed. The difference between the values obtained at the beginning of the study and those measured after completing the program will be evaluated. Data collected at the beginning and end of the study will be compared.
Time frame: 12-week
ALT
The difference between the values obtained at the beginning of the study and those measured after completing the program will be evaluated. Data collected at the beginning and end of the study will be compared.
Time frame: 12-week
AST
The difference between the values obtained at the beginning of the study and those measured after completing the program will be evaluated. Data collected at the beginning and end of the study will be compared.
Time frame: 12-week
GGT
The difference between the values obtained at the beginning of the study and those measured after completing the program will be evaluated. Data collected at the beginning and end of the study will be compared.
Time frame: 12-week
Free fatty acids
The difference between the values obtained at the beginning of the study and those measured after completing the program will be evaluated. Data collected at the beginning and end of the study will be compared.
Time frame: 12-week
Triglycerides
The difference between the values obtained at the beginning of the study and those measured after completing the program will be evaluated. Data collected at the beginning and end of the study will be compared.
Time frame: 12-week
HDL
The difference between the values obtained at the beginning of the study and those measured after completing the program will be evaluated. Data collected at the beginning and end of the study will be compared.
Time frame: 12-week
LDL
The difference between the values obtained at the beginning of the study and those measured after completing the program will be evaluated. Data collected at the beginning and end of the study will be compared.
Time frame: 12-week
Total cholesterol
The difference between the values obtained at the beginning of the study and those measured after completing the program will be evaluated. Data collected at the beginning and end of the study will be compared.
Time frame: 12-week
CRP
The difference between the values obtained at the beginning of the study and those measured after completing the program will be evaluated. Data collected at the beginning and end of the study will be compared.
Time frame: 12-week
ESR
The difference between the values obtained at the beginning of the study and those measured after completing the program will be evaluated. Data collected at the beginning and end of the study will be compared.
Time frame: 12-week
Changes in body weight
The difference between the values obtained at the beginning of the study and those measured after completing the program will be evaluated. Data collected at the beginning and end of the study will be compared.
Time frame: 12-week
Changes in lean body mass
The difference between the values obtained at the beginning of the study and those measured after completing the program will be evaluated. Data collected at the beginning and end of the study will be compared.
Time frame: 12-week
Changes in body fat percentage
The difference between the values obtained at the beginning of the study and those measured after completing the program will be evaluated. Data collected at the beginning and end of the study will be compared.
Time frame: 12-week
Changes in body mass index
The difference between the values obtained at the beginning of the study and those measured after completing the program will be evaluated. Data collected at the beginning and end of the study will be compared.
Time frame: 12-week
Changes in waist-to-hip ratio
The waist and hip measurements will be taken twice with a tape measure. The results will be aggregated to arrive at one reported value as a waist-to-hip ratio. This is calculated as waist measurement divided by hip measurement (W⁄H). The difference between the values obtained at the beginning of the study and those measured after completing the program will be evaluated. Data collected at the beginning and end of the study will be compared.
Time frame: 12-week
Changes in peak oxygen consumption
At the beginning, every 4 weeks, and at the end of the study, peak oxygen consumption measurement will be conducted through the cardiopulmonary exercise test. Data collected at the beginning and end of the study will be compared.
Time frame: 12-week
Changes in peak heart rate
At the beginning, every 4 weeks, and at the end of the study, peak heart rate measurement will be conducted through the cardiopulmonary exercise test. Data collected at the beginning and end of the study will be compared.
Time frame: 12-week
Changes in anaerobic threshold
At the beginning, every 4 weeks, and at the end of the study, anaerobic threshold measurements will be conducted through the cardiopulmonary exercise test. Data collected at the beginning and end of the study will be compared.
Time frame: 12-week
Changes in basal metabolic rate
Basal metabolic rate measurements will be conducted twice using an indirect calorimeter, once at the beginning and once at the end of the study. Data collected at the beginning and end of the study will be compared.
Time frame: 12-week
Changes in muscle strength analysis results
At the beginning and end of the study, the maximum isometric contraction strength of the hand and forearm muscles will be measured using a hand dynamometer. Data collected at the beginning and end of the study will be compared.
Time frame: 12-week
Changes in The 5 Times Sit-to-Stand Test results
The 5 Times Sit-to-Stand Test will be administered as a balance test. Data collected at the beginning and end of the study will be compared.
Time frame: 12-week
Changes in Single Leg Standing Test results
The Single Leg Standing Test will be administered as a balance test. Data collected at the beginning and end of the study will be compared.
Time frame: 12-week
Changes in FATmax levels
At the beginning and end of the study, participants' FATmax levels will be determined through the FATmax test. Data collected at the beginning and end of the study will be compared.
Time frame: 12-week
Changes in Healthy Lifestyle Habits Scale II scores
At the beginning and end of the study, a total of two administrations of the questionnaires will be conducted. Data collected at the beginning and end of the study will be compared.
Time frame: 12-week
Changes in Short Form Survey (SF-36) scores
At the beginning and end of the study, a total of two administrations of the questionnaires will be conducted. Data collected at the beginning and end of the study will be compared.
Time frame: 12-week
Changes in Beck Depression Scale scores
At the beginning and end of the study, a total of two administrations of the questionnaires will be conducted. Data collected at the beginning and end of the study will be compared.
Time frame: 12-week
Changes in Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores
At the beginning and end of the study, a total of two administrations of the questionnaires will be conducted. Data collected at the beginning and end of the study will be compared.
Time frame: 12-week
Changes in the serum levels of myokines
Serum samples will be obtained twice, at the beginning and end of the study. Musclin, myonectin, and myostatin levels will be measured using ELISA, while measurements of BAIBA will be conducted using Liquid Chromatography Spectrometry. Data collected at the beginning and end of the study will be compared.
Time frame: 12-week
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