The Role of Gender Transformative Interventions to Strengthen Gender Equity and Improve Immunization Outcomes

Inclusion Criteria: Caregivers Pakistan: * Adult women and men aged 18-49 who are in a monogamous relationship, or polygamous relationship in which the male partner agrees to participate with one female partner, and are together caregivers of at least one child 12 months of age or younger * Have lived in the study site for at least one year * Plan to continue to live in the study site for at least one year from time of recruitment * If the caregiver is drawn from one of the intervention Union Councils, must be willing to fully participated in the intervention for the full implementation period Caregivers Togo: * Adult women and men aged 18-49 who are in a monogamous relationship, or are in a polygamous relationship in which the man resides only with the woman who is also involved in the study, and who and are together caregivers of at least one child 12 months of age or younger * Have lived in the study site for at least one year * Plan to continue to live in the study site for at least one year from time of recruitment * If the caregiver is drawn from one of the intervention communities, must be willing to fully participate in the intervention for the full implementation period Community mobilizers Pakistan: * A woman or man currently living in the intervention Union Councils * Has at least one child who has received the complete vaccine series * Fluently speak the language that is most commonly spoken in the Union Council in which they live * Be able to read and write * Have previous experience of working on advocacy and community mobilization * Have previously worked on childhood immunization mobilization * Are familiar with the community influencers * Are willing to complete training for the intervention * Must be willing to actively implement intervention for the full implementation period Papas Champions Togo: * Be a married man with children, who has demonstrated his involvement in his children's health * Has at least one child who has received the complete vaccine series * Currently live in the intervention community * Fluently speak the language that is most commonly spoken in the community in which they live * Be able to read and write * Be willing to promote the benefits of vaccination to other fathers in the community * Be willing to work on a voluntary basis\* * Be accepted by the local community and recognized as a responsible and respectable person. * Be willing to complete training for the intervention * Be willing to actively implement the intervention for the full implementation period CSO Leaders Pakistan: * Be based in one of the intervention Union Councils * Actively support implementation intervention CSO Leaders Togo: * Be based in one of the intervention districts * Actively support implementation intervention Community Leaders Pakistan: * Be based in one of the intervention Union Councils * Have known influence on gender dynamics, caregiving, and child health behaviors including immunization * Be willing to participate in the values clarification and attitudinal transformation activities conducted as part of the intervention Community Leaders Togo: * Be based in one of the intervention communities * Have known influence on gender dynamics, caregiving, and child health behaviors including immunization * Be willing to participate in the community sensitization activities conducted as part of the intervention EPI Stakeholders Pakistan/Togo: * Be based in one of the study districts since the beginning of the study * Be familiar with the operations research intervention conducted as part of the study Exclusion Criteria: Any individuals that do not meet all of the above inclusion criteria or do not agree to participate in the study will be excluded from data collection. In addition, individuals who are unable to make decisions/respond to questions on their own without assistance by someone else will also be excluded from enrolment.