Impact of Vibrating Device Distraction on Mechanical Pain Thresholds Induced by Needle Sham

Participants will have the Bluetooth Haptic Device with experimental Frequency placed on their arm and randomized to a series of 4 different vibration patterns/frequencies. Mechanical pain threshold (MPT) will be measure using custom-made weighted pinprick stimuli as a set of five pinprick mechanical stimulators with fixed stimulus intensities (flat contact area of 0.2mm diameter) with forces of 32, 64, 128, 256, and 512mN. The stimulators will be applied at a rate of 2s on, 2s off in a randomized order on participants' forearms until the first sensation of pain is reached and will then be done in descending order until the sensation of pain disappears. This procedure will be repeated five times of ascending and descending stimuli served as pinprick pain threshold on 1 arm at 4 different frequencies/patterns in the BHD.

Participants will have the Bluetooth Haptic Device with control frequency placed on their arm. They will be randomized to a series of 4 different vibration patterns/frequencies. Mechanical pain threshold (MPT) will be measure using custom-made weighted pinprick stimuli as a set of five pinprick mechanical stimulators with fixed stimulus intensities (flat contact area of 0.2mm diameter) with forces of 32, 64, 128, 256, and 512mN. The stimulators will be applied at a rate of 2s on, 2s off in a randomized order on participants' forearms until the first sensation of pain is reached and will then be done in descending order until the sensation of pain disappears. This procedure will be repeated five times of ascending and descending stimuli served as pinprick pain threshold on 1 arm at 4 different frequencies/patterns in the BHD.