Brain Effect Mechanism of Spinal Manipulative Therapy on LDH Analgesia Based on Multimodal MRI

Inclusion Criteria: * Participants must meet the diagnostic criteria for lumbar disc herniation, including protrusion types such as central, paracentral, far lateral, foraminal, and subarticular, with imaging findings that align with neurological localization. * The age range for participants is 18 to 65 years, encompassing any gender, and they must be right-handed. * Participants should be in the non-acute phase of the condition, experiencing mild to moderate pain and functional impairment, with the duration of symptoms exceeding 2 weeks. * Participants should have a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score greater than 4 and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores less than 15. * Eligible participants must not have taken analgesics, neurotropic nutrition drugs, or sedatives in the past month and should not have undergone systemic treatment. * Participants should not have received spinal manipulation or other physical therapies in the past month. * Participants must voluntarily agree to participate in this study and have signed an informed consent form. Exclusion Criteria: * Patients with concurrent internal medicine or gynecological conditions known to cause lower back pain, such as nephritis, urinary stones, gynecological inflammations, and uterine abnormalities. * Individuals with severe primary diseases impacting the cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, liver, or kidney systems. * Those with neurogenic functional disorders, psychiatric conditions, a history of significant head trauma, or a history of unconsciousness. * Individuals diagnosed with primary sciatica or dry sciatica. * Those with lumbar spondylolisthesis. * Patients suffering from lumbar tumors or tuberculosis. * Individuals with severe osteoporosis or localized skin lesions in the lumbar area. * Patients experiencing painful conditions beyond the lumbar region. * Those with diseases characterized by structural changes in the brain. * Individuals with impaired consciousness, severe visual or hearing impairments, speech disorders, or others who are unable to complete health assessments. * Individuals with dental implants, metal stents, or other elements that may compromise MRI imaging. * Those with a fear of MRI or other reasons that prevent undergoing MRI scans. * Patients diagnosed with lumbar disc herniation but who are asymptomatic.