Development and Validation of the Prediction Model for Functional Mitral Regurgitation Regression in Heart Failure Patients Taking Guideline-directed Medical Therapy

Inclusion Criteria: * Age\>18 years old * ≥2+ FMR * Receiving GDMT Exclusion Criteria: * degenerative mitral regurgitation * myocardial infarction, percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary bypass grafting surgery, cardiac resynchronization therapy, or stroke within three months prior to this study * ≥2+ aortic stenosis or regurgitation * previous surgical mitral valve repair or replacement * restrictive cardiomyopthy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or constrictive pericarditis * severe heart failure (NYHA class IV) or left ventricular ejection fraction \< 20% * symptomatic hypotension affecting GDMT prescription * severe hepatic or renal insufficiency * life expectancy \< 12 months * Pregnancy