Time-restricted eating (TRE) is a dietary approach that aims to increase fasting time and decrease the eating window. Promising TRE effects on weight loss and improvements in some cardiometabolic risk factors have been reported in studies in animals and humans. However, the impacts of TRE combined with aerobic exercise training in individuals with overweight and obesity have been insufficiently investigated. Additionally, aerobic training performed in a fasted state appears to promote physiological adaptations that may improve the metabolic health in individuals with overweight and obesity. The present study investigates the effects of 8 weeks of TRE associated with aerobic training in a fasted state versus a fed state on body composition and cardiometabolic parameters in women with overweight and grade 1 obesity.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
30
Intermittent fasting plus energy restriction combined with aerobic exercise performed in a fasted state.
Intermittent fasting plus energy restriction combined with aerobic exercise performed in a fed state.
Intermittent fasting plus energy restriction without aerobic exercise training.
Insulin sensitivity (indices)
Including but not limited to the Sensitivity Matsuda index
Time frame: Change from baseline. Measured at baseline and after 8 weeks.
Insulin resistance (indices)
Including but not limited to Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR).
Time frame: Change from baseline. Measured at baseline and after 8 weeks.
Fasting insulin levels (µIU/mL)
Measured by enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Time frame: Change from baseline. Measured at baseline and after 8 weeks.
Fasting glucose levels (mg/dL)
Measured by colorimetric method
Time frame: Change from baseline. Measured at baseline and after 8 weeks.
Glucose tolerance
Measured by oral glucose tolerance test (2-h OGTT)
Time frame: Change from baseline. Measured at baseline and after 8 weeks.
Fasting lipid profile levels
Measured by colorimetric method
Time frame: Change from baseline. Measured at baseline and after 8 weeks.
β cell function (indices)
Including but not limited to HOMA-β
Time frame: Change from baseline. Measured at baseline and after 8 weeks.
Fat Mass (kg)
Measured by Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry under fasting condition.
Time frame: Change from baseline. Measured at baseline and after 8 weeks.
Fat Percentage (%)
Measured by Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry under fasting condition.
Time frame: Change from baseline. Measured at baseline and after 8 weeks.
Fat Free Mass (kg)
Measured by Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry under fasting condition.
Time frame: Change from baseline. Measured at baseline and after 8 weeks.
Body Weight (kg)
Measured by Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry under fasting condition.
Time frame: Change from baseline. Measured at baseline and after 8 weeks.
Body Weight (kg)
Measured on a digital scale.
Time frame: Change from baseline. Measured at baseline and after 4, and 8 weeks.
Bone Mineral Content (kg)
Measured by Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry under fasting condition.
Time frame: Change from baseline. Measured at baseline and after 8 weeks.
Body Mass Index (kg/m^2)
Calculated from weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.
Time frame: Change from baseline. Measured at baseline and after 8 weeks.
Fasting ketones (β-hydroxybutyrate) levels (mmol/L)
Time frame: Change from baseline. Measured at baseline and after 8 weeks.
Resting metabolic rate (Kcal/day)
Measured by indirect calorimetry under resting and fasting conditions.
Time frame: Change from baseline. Measured at baseline and after 8 weeks.
Substrate Oxidation (respiratory exchange ratio)
Measured by indirect calorimetry under resting and fasting conditions.
Time frame: Change from baseline. Measured at baseline and after 8 weeks.
Absolute Peak oxygen consumption
Measured by an open-circuit spirometry system. Absolute value expressed in litres of oxygen per minute (L/min).
Time frame: Change from baseline. Measured at baseline and after 4, and 8 weeks.
Relative Peak oxygen consumption
Measured by an open-circuit spirometry system. Relative to body weight and expressed in milliliters of oxygen per minute (mL/kg/min).
Time frame: Change from baseline. Measured at baseline and after 4, and 8 weeks.
Fasting Leptin Levels
Measured by enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Time frame: Change from baseline. Measured at baseline and after 8 weeks.
Fasting Adiponectin Levels
Measured by enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Time frame: Change from baseline. Measured at baseline and after 8 weeks.
Inflammatory Markers Levels
Including but not limited to TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha) and IL-10 (Interleukin-10); Measured by enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Time frame: Change from baseline. Measured at baseline and after 8 weeks.
LDL-cholesterol levels
Measured using the Friedewald equation.
Time frame: Change from baseline. Measured at baseline and after 8 weeks.
Non-HDL-cholesterol levels
Calculated as total cholesterol minus HDL-cholesterol.
Time frame: Change from baseline. Measured at baseline and after 8 weeks.
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