5E Program for Preventing Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With Spinal Cord Disorders

Khon Kaen University42 enrolled

Overview

The goal of this quasi-experimental study is to examine the effects of a venous thromboembolism prevention program, or "5E" program, on the rates of venous thromboembolism in patients with spinal cord disorders. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Will participants receiving the 5E program have lower rates of venous thromboembolism compared to those receiving the usual care? * Will participants receiving the 5E program have lower scores of venous thromboembolism signs and symptoms compared to those receiving the usual care? * Will the average thigh and calf circumferences of participants before and after receiving the 5E program be different? Participants in the intervention group will receive the 5E program, including * Education: health education regarding venous thromboembolism prevention * Elevation: leg elevation of 10-20 degrees * Exercise: ankle exercises * Enough fluid: adequate fluid uptake * Early application of intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC): IPC use within 48 hours after admission

Study Type

INTERVENTIONAL

Allocation

NON_RANDOMIZED

Purpose

PREVENTION

Masking

SINGLE

Enrollment

Conditions

Venous Thromboembolism Spinal Cord Diseases Spinal Cord Injuries

Interventions

5E programBEHAVIORAL

Participants in the 5E program group will receive 7-day nursing interventions including * Education: health education regarding venous thromboembolism prevention * Elevation: leg elevation of 10-20 degrees * Exercise: ankle exercises * Enough fluid: adequate fluid uptake * Early application of intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC): IPC use within 48 hours after admission

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

The rate of venous thromboembolism

The diagnosis of venous thromboembolism is confirmed by a Doppler ultrasound scan of the femoral vein and popliteal vein by a physician working at the study site. The physician will record the results in the data record form.

Time frame: The day before implementing the intervention and at 7 days after implementing intervention

Secondary Outcomes

Signs and symptoms of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism

The Well's Score for deep venous thrombosis (DVT) includes clinical parameters: active cancer or palliative (+1), paralysis (+1), recently bedridden for more than 3 days (+1), localized tenderness (+1), entire leg swelling (+1), calf swelling more than 3 cm compared with asymptomatic leg (+1), pitting edema (+1), previous DVT documented (+1), collateral superficial veins (non-varicose) (+1), and alternative diagnosis (-2). The Modified Well's Score for pulmonary embolism (PE) includes the following criteria: clinical signs and symptoms of DVT (3); an alternative diagnosis is less likely than PE (3); a heart rate greater than 100 (1.5); immobilization for 3 or more consecutive days (1.5); previous objectively diagnosed PE or DVT (1.5); hemoptysis (1); and malignancy (1).

Time frame: The day before implementing the intervention and Day 1 - Day 7 after implementing intervention

Thigh and calf circumference

Thigh and calf circumferences will be measured in centimeters using the standardized measuring tape. The assistant researcher will record the results in the data record form.