Effects of Non-ablative Radiofrequency on Female Genito-pelvic Pain Disorder

Overview

The goal of this randomized clinical trial is to verify the response of genito-pelvic pain disorders in women associated with inability to penetrate to the treatment with non-ablative radiofrequency. The main question it aims to answer is: Does non-ablative radiofrequency have a positive effect on the symptoms of genito-pelvic pain disorders associated with inability to penetrate? Before starting the intervention and at one week, one-, three- and six months after the end of the study, participants will be evaluated with 03 questionnaires (Female Sexual Function Index, Sexual Quality of Life and Perceived Stress Scale-10) and will score the visual analogue scale the level of pain with the penetration (from 0 to 10); participants will then undergo digital evaluation of the pelvic floor muscles, using vaginal dilators and electromyographic evaluation. After being randomized, participants will be divided into the Experimental Group and the Sham Group, being submitted to • the use of non-ablative radiofrequency in the anal and urogenital triangles, • the positioning of the vaginal dilator at the end of each session • and participants will be instructed to use the vaginal dilator at home daily. The researchers will compare the groups in relation to the ability to penetrate with reduced vaginal pain, sexual function, quality of sexual life and the correlation between pelvic muscle activity and perceived stress.

Initially, all women included in the study will be briefly and clearly instructed about genito-pelvic pain dysfunction and the anatomy of the pelvic floor. Then the participants will respond to the questionnaires FSFI (Female Sexual Function Index), SQoL-F (Scale of Female Sexual Quality of Life) and the PSS-10 (Perceived Stress Scale - 10). The FSFI assesses the female sexual function index in the following domains: desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction and pain. It is self-administered, contains 19 items, with an average response time of nine minutes and addresses aspects of the last four weeks. It is a measure to be considered a potential "gold standard" for evaluating therapeutically induced changes in female sexual function. The SQoL-F measures the impact of female sexual dysfunctions on women's quality of life, addressing the items: psychosexual feelings, sexual and relationship satisfaction, self-invalidation and sexual repression. It is self-administered, contains 18 items, with an average response time of seven minutes and addresses aspects of the last four weeks. The EPS-10 measures the degree of stress perceived by individuals within 30 days. It is validated in several countries in versions with 14 questions, 10 questions and four questions. The version with 10 questions was chosen for this study and is self-administered. The scale checks how much respondents evaluate their lives in terms of unpredictability, overload and lack of control, factors recognized as the most relevant factors in cases of stress. After completing this first process, an Admission Form will be completed in two consecutive stages. In the first stage, the participant will be taken to a reserved location accompanied by at least one properly trained researcher, where questions 1 to 23 of the Admission Form will be answered, in which the following will be collected: demographic data, data social conditions, comorbidities, history of current and previous illness, gynecological history, obstetric history and fecal history, with application of the Rome III Criteria, Bristol Scale, and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) related to pain during vaginal penetration. Once the first stage of the Admission Form has been completed, the second stage will begin, in which the participant will be taken to a private office, where will be positioned in the supine position on a stretcher, with the pelvic region uncovered, the lower limbs abducted and flexed for perineal assessment. A trained researcher will carry out the physical evaluation through pelvic inspection and digital vaginal palpation, following the ICS recommendations, for using the letters P, E, R and F of the PERFECT Scheme, associated with a subjective assessment of coordination, use of accessory muscles and symmetry. The findings will be recorded in items 24 to 29 of the Admission Form. Pelvic floor (PF) EMG will be performed using self-adhesive surface electrodes (Hydrogel Adhesive Electrode 4.5 x 3.8cm, Meditrace 200, Kendal™, Mansfield - USA) connected to an Electromyography (EMG) device (New Miotool Uro™, Miotec, Porto Alegre - BR) which converts the myoelectric signal into values expressed in microvolts (μV). EMG data will be collected and analyzed using Miotec Suite version 1.0 software (Miotec®, Porto Alegre, Brazil). In this software, the 20Hz high-pass, 500Hz low-pass and 60Hz notch filters will be used and the data can be viewed in the form of graphs. To perform the technique, the following materials will be needed: five surface electrodes, adhesive tape, 70% alcohol, paper towel and 2 pairs of gloves. 02 (two) surface electrodes will be attached, in the perianal region (positioning equivalent to 2 and 8 on the clock), 02 (two) on the trunk of the right external oblique muscle (to evaluate the abdominal muscles) and 01 (one) on the diaphysis of the right clavicle. To place the electrode in the perianal region, the patient is positioned in lateral decubitus with the lower limbs adducted and flexed. To place the electrode on the right external oblique muscle, the patient is positioned in DD with lower limbs extended and this muscle is asked to contract with trunk flexion and rotation to the left. The examination will be carried out in two moments: the first moment with the patient in the supine position (DD) and in the second moment, in orthostasis. Initially, in DD, with the lower limbs extended, the EMG assessment will capture the Maximum Voluntary Contraction (MVC). 03 maximum contractions of the PFM (pelvic floor muscles) will be requested and the average of the 03 (three) contractions will be recorded. After recording the MVC, the collection of PF muscle activity in DD begins. Collection 01: Starts with the collection of basal electrical activity for 30 seconds. The verbal command will be: "Keep your anus relaxed." The participant will then be asked to perform five tonic contractions (CT). The volunteer will be instructed to perform five contractions maintained for 10 seconds and the same relaxation time. The evaluator will determine when to contract and relax. The verbal command will be: "Contract your anus as if you were holding back a fart and hold for 10 seconds and then relax for the same amount of time. Do this five times following my voice command (Contract, hold, hold, hold... and relax.)." When finished, the participant will have to rest for 30 seconds. Finally, you will be asked to perform 10 maximum contractions of 1 second with complete relaxation between them (phasic contractions). The verbal command will be: "Contract your anus as if you were holding back a fart and relax. Do this ten times following my voice command (Contract, relax, contract, relax...)". After the phasic contractions, ask the patient to rest for ten seconds to complete the collection. Collection 02: All the steps of collection 01 are repeated, but the orthostasis position will be adopted with the upper limbs along the body. All EMG collection will be recorded and analyzed by the Miotec Suite software version 1.0 (Miotec®, Porto Alegre, Brazil) and stored on a portable computer. During the entire examination, dynamic inspection will also be carried out (visual and by EMG, simultaneously) evaluating the presence of visible contraction of the PF muscles, the presence of contraction of other muscles (gluteus maximus, thigh adductors and abdominal muscles) and the visible relaxation capacity (good, regular, incomplete or absent). After initial assessment, all patients will be randomized, using a random table generated in the program available on the website: www.random.org into two groups: a Radiofrequency Group (RG) made up of 28 women and a Control Group (CG) made up of by 28 participants. The volunteers who will be part of the GR group will receive physiotherapeutic treatment through the application of non-ablative RF with the aim of promoting perineal muscle relaxation. In each session, which will take place once a week, the patient will be taken to a private office and will be positioned in the supine position on a stretcher, with the pelvic region uncovered, the lower limbs abducted and flexed for the application of non-ablative RF through a trained researcher. In women in the CG group, the device for applying non-ablative RF will be turned off and the conduction gel will be heated by a resistor. The remainder of the protocol will be identical to that of the RG group. Only the researcher who performed the procedure will know which group the patient belongs to, with allocation confidentiality being maintained for the other researchers and for the patient. Immediately after the application of RF, both in the RG group and in the CG group, a researcher who will not know which group the patient belongs to will try to introduce a lubricated vaginal dilator for 15 minutes, with the aim of promoting stretching of vaginal introitus. There are six sizes of vaginal dilator that will be changed gradually with each session, depending on the patient's acceptability. In this study, the ABSOLOO vaginal dilator set will be used, which contains six devices with different colors and sizes: green nº 1: diameter 1.16cm, length 6.5cm; rose nº 2: diameter 1.90cm, length 7.5cm; yellow nº 3: diameter 2.15cm, length 8.7cm; purple nº 4: diameter 2.5cm, length 10.9cm; blue nº 5: diameter 3.10cm, length 13.20cm; and orange nº 6: diameter 3.5cm, length 14.5cm. The last size of vaginal dilator will be the one chosen by the patient. After the procedure, the patient will be instructed to exercise with the dilator at home daily for 15 minutes. At the end of each session, the following will be recorded in the Monitoring Sheet: the tolerance of digital vaginal insertion, the size of the current dilator, the perception of VAS related to pain during vaginal penetration and the LIKERT scale of satisfaction in relation to the RF treatment . Eight RF application sessions will be held, weekly, totaling a period of two months. One week after the last session, the final reassessment will be carried out, in which the participant will be taken to a private office, will be positioned in the supine position on a stretcher, with the pelvic region uncovered, the lower limbs abducted and flexed for the perineal assessment. and a trained researcher will carry out the evaluation through inspection, vaginal digital palpation, following the ICS recommendations, to use the letters P, E, R and F of the PERFECT Scheme associated with an evaluation as well. subjective coordination, use of accessory muscles and symmetry. An ABSOLOO vaginal dilator of the size chosen by the patient will be inserted and an electromyographic evaluation will be carried out. The findings will be recorded in the Reassessment Form: tolerance of digital vaginal insertion, the size of the current dilator, the perception of VAS related to pain during vaginal penetration and the LIKERT scale of satisfaction in relation to treatment with RF. The FSFI, SQoL-F and EPS-10 instruments will also be answered again. After treatment, a follow-up period of one, three and six months will be carried out, when the Reassessment Form and the FSFI, SQoL-F and EPS-10 instruments will be reapplied. If the patient does not attend the reevaluations, telephone contact will be made and the FSFI, SQoL-F and EPS-10 will be applied remotely. RF treatment will be considered successful based on the patient's ability to have sexual intercourse including complete penetration of the penis followed by the partner's ejaculation, without complaining of pain.