Human Leishmaniasis: Antigen Recognition Pattern and Study of New Potential Biomarkers

CASES: Inclusion criteria: * Leishmania positive patient from Italy (n=30) and from Sudan (n=30); * patient with a clinically or laboratory confirmed diagnosis of leishmaniasis; * signed informed consent (criteria not applied in case of samples stored at the Tropica Biobank at the DITM) * being clinically classified as leishmaniasis patient by an experienced clinician or being laboratory confirmed as leishmaniasis patients, giving positive to at least two different serological tests or to a molecular test for Leishmania sp. * adult subjects (equal or older than 18 years) Exclusion criteria: * lack of the necessary data and/or of biological samples * subjects younger than 18 years COMMUNITY CONTROLS: Inclusion criteria: * Cryo-preserved serum samples stored at the Tropica Biobank at the DITM , IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar (Vr), from subject from Italy (n=30) and from Africa (n=30) with no infection due by Leishmania spp. * signed informed consent to Tropica Biobank * adult subjects (equal or older than 18 years) * being negative to two different serological tests for leishmaniasis Exclusion criteria: * subjects younger than 18 years * being positive to one serological tests for leishmaniasis. VALIDATION CONTROLS (VC): Inclusion criteria: * serum samples stored in Tropica Biobank at the DITM from subjects that have been clinically diagnosed with Chagas's disease, or TB, or malaria or leprosy. * informed consent signed to Tropical Biobank * adult subjects (equal or older than 18 years) * being negative to two different serological tests for leishmaniasis. * being clinically diagnosed with Chagas disease or TB, or malaria or leprosy Exclusion criteria: * younger than 18 years * positive result to one serological test for leishmaniasis.