The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of gentle human touch (GHT) and Yakson methods during endotracheal suctioning on pain, comfort and physiologic parameters response in preterm infants.
Background: Preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit are exposed to various painful procedures, so different non-pharmacological pain control techniques are used to alleviate pain. Aims: To determine the effect of gentle human touch (GHT) and Yakson methods during endotracheal suctioning on pain, comfort and physiologic parameters response in preterm infants. Design: A randomized controlled crossover trial. Setting: This study was conducted in the neonatal intensive care unit between July 2022 and June 2023. Methods: Thirty neonates were enrolled in this study based on inclusion criteria. The samples were randomly received a sequence of suctioning with Yakson and GHT and routine care. Neonatal Pain Agitation and Sedation Scale and COMFORT neo were used to collect the data.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE
Enrollment
30
Yakson touch method will be started 5 minutes before the endotracheal aspiration procedure and continued until the completion of the procedure.The Yakson method continued for 15 minutes with steady touch (5 minutes), compassionate caressing (5 minutes), and repetition of steady touch (5 minutes).
Gentle Human Touch (GHT) method will be started 5 minutes before the endotracheal aspiration procedure and continued until the completion of the procedure.The GHT method continued for 15 minutes.
Infants in the Routine care will be applied swaddling. It will be started 5 minutes before the endotracheal aspiration procedure and continued until the completion of the procedure.
Izmir Democracy University
Karabağlar, İzmir, Turkey (Türkiye)
Neonatal Pain Agitation and Sedation Scale (N-PASS)
Pain will be evaluated using the Neonatal Pain Agitation and Sedation Scale (N-PASS).This scale was developed by Hummel Puchalski in 2000 for preterm and term babies. The Turkish validity and reliability study was conducted by Açıkgöz et al. in 2017. Crying, irritability, behavior-state, facial expression, extremity tone, and vital signs parameters are evaluated in the N-PASS scale. In this scale is evaluated with triple likert type and pain score can be between "0" and "10". Permission was obtained from the authors to use the scale.
Time frame: Pain was assessed 1 minute before endotracheal aspiration, during endotracheal aspiration and 5 minutes after the endotracheal aspiration procedure.
Change in Oxygen saturation
Oxygen saturation of infants before, during, and after endotracheal aspiration were recorded to a computer using a Masimo Radical 7 Pulse Oximeter at 2-second intervals.
Time frame: Oxygen saturation was assessed 1 minute before endotracheal aspiration, during endotracheal aspiration and 5 minutes after the endotracheal aspiration procedure.
Change in Heart rate
Heart rate of infants before, during, and after endotracheal aspiration were recorded to a computer using a Masimo Radical 7 Pulse Oximeter at 2-second intervals.
Time frame: Heart rate was assessed 1 minute before endotracheal aspiration, during endotracheal aspiration and 5 minutes after the endotracheal aspiration procedure.
COMFORTneo Scale
This scale was developed by Van Dijk et al. in 2009 for preterm babies. The Turkish validity and reliability study was conducted by Kahraman et al. in 2014. It is a 5-point Likert type scale consisting of six parameters: alertness, calmness/agitation, respiratory response, crying, body movements, facial tension, and muscle tone. The lowest score that can be obtained from the scale is 6 and the highest score is 30. It is emphasized that if the total score of the scale is between 9-13, the baby is comfortable, if it is between 14-30, the baby is in pain or distress, the baby is uncomfortable and needs interventions to provide comfort.
This platform is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional.
Time frame: Comfort was assessed 1 minute before endotracheal aspiration, during endotracheal aspiration and 5 minutes after the endotracheal aspiration procedure.