Mental fatigue (MF) is prevalent after Graves' disease (GD), which is the most common form of hyperthyroidism. We have reported that 38% of patients, compared to 11% of control subjects, suffer from MF more than 1 year after successfully reversing of their hyperthyroidism and that MF is an entity of its own, separated from MF combined with anxiety or depression. The brain pathophysiology is unknown and there is no medical treatment, which requires patients to simply adapt to the situation. In the new national guideline for hyperthyroidism (Jan 2023), rehabilitation is recommended, but currently rarely offered to these patients. The problem is significant for patients, as illustrated by frequent media appeals. In this project, we hypothesise that person-centred care (PCC), which promotes positive coping strategies and increases self-efficacy by engaging patients as partners in their own care, improves MF, reduces sick leave, and lowers the recurrence rate of GD. In two work packages (WP), we will: WP1 Evaluate the effect of PCC eHealth intervention (telephone and digital platform) as an add-on to usual care vs usual care alone in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of 220 patients on self-efficacy, days of sick-leave (composite score as primary outcome), MF, recurrence rate of disease, coping strategies, perceived stress, quality of life (QoL) and personality. WP2 Investigate the cost-effectiveness of the intervention Patients with GD have impaired long-term QoL. PCC could improve long-term outcomes of this autoimmune disease and may apply to other patient groups. This is in line with the societal aim to reduce mental illness.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
220
In addition to usual care, patients will receive PCC through physical visits, telephone and through a web-based platform for 15-months. Primary outcome is after 3 month (we expect the need of support is largest in the beginning) but the intervention will continue for the period of care 12-18 months, increasing transferability to regular care.
Agneta Lindo
Gothenburg, Sweden
RECRUITINGComposite score of changes
A patient is classified as improved, deteriorated or unchanged: A patient is classified as improved if: at 3 months increased general self-efficacy by ≥ 5 units and reduced sick leave percentage (or unchanged if no sick-leave at baseline) at 3 months follow-up A patient is classified as deteriorated if: at 3 months reduced general self-efficacy by ≥ 5 units or increased sick-leave percentage (or unchanged if on full-time sick leave at inclusion) Those who have neither improved or deteriorated are classified as unchanged
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 3 months follow-up.
General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE)
Evaluated by the validated questionnaire General Self-Efficacy. Scores are compared between the intervention and the control group. The total score ranges between 10 and 40, with a higher score indicating more self-efficacy.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 6 weeks follow-up.
General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE)
Evaluated by the validated questionnaire General Self-Efficacy. Scores are compared between the intervention and the control group. The total score ranges between 10 and 40, with a higher score indicating more self-efficacy.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 3 months follow-up.
General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE)
Evaluated by the validated questionnaire General Self-Efficacy. Scores are compared between the intervention and the control group. The total score ranges between 10 and 40, with a higher score indicating more self-efficacy.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 6 months follow-up.
General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE)
Evaluated by the validated questionnaire General Self-Efficacy. Scores are compared between the intervention and the control group. The total score ranges between 10 and 40, with a higher score indicating more self-efficacy.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 15 months follow-up.
Days of sick-leave
Evaluated sick leave days between the intervention and the control group.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 6 weeks follow-up.
Days of sick-leave
Evaluated sick leave days between the intervention and the control group.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 3 months follow-up.
Days of sick-leave
Evaluated sick leave days between the intervention and the control group.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 6 months follow-up.
Days of sick-leave
Evaluated sick leave days between the intervention and the control group.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 15 months follow-up.
Mental fatigue score
Scores at the Mental Fatigue Scale are compared between the intervention and the control group. Scores is between 0-42 and higher scores mean more brain fatigue.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 6 weeks follow-up.
Mental fatigue score
Scores at the Mental Fatigue Scale are compared between the intervention and the control group. Scores is between 0-42 and higher scores mean more brain fatigue.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 3 months follow-up.
Mental fatigue score
Scores at the Mental Fatigue Scale are compared between the intervention and the control group. Scores is between 0-42 and higher scores mean more brain fatigue.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 6 months follow-up.
Mental fatigue score
Scores at the Mental Fatigue Scale are compared between the intervention and the control group. Scores is between 0-42 and higher scores mean more brain fatigue.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 15 months follow-up.
Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced (Brief cope)
Evaluated by the validated questionnaire Brief cope. The Brief COPE is a shorter version of the COPE Inventory composed of 28-items rated on a 4-point ordinal scale that measure 14 subscales of coping style (2-items each). The overall mean is calculated with more than three being worse outcome. Coping strategies are compared between the intervention and the control group.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 6 weeks follow-up.
Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced (Brief cope)
Evaluated by the validated questionnaire Brief cope. The Brief COPE is a shorter version of the COPE Inventory composed of 28-items rated on a 4-point ordinal scale that measure 14 subscales of coping style (2-items each). The overall mean is calculated with more than three being worse outcome. Coping strategies are compared between the intervention and the control group.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 3 months follow-up.
Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced (Brief cope)
Evaluated by the validated questionnaire Brief cope. The Brief COPE is a shorter version of the COPE Inventory composed of 28-items rated on a 4-point ordinal scale that measure 14 subscales of coping style (2-items each). The overall mean is calculated with more than three being worse outcome. Coping strategies are compared between the intervention and the control group.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 6 months follow-up.
Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced (Brief cope)
Evaluated by the validated questionnaire Brief cope. The Brief COPE is a shorter version of the COPE Inventory composed of 28-items rated on a 4-point ordinal scale that measure 14 subscales of coping style (2-items each). The overall mean is calculated with more than three being worse outcome. Coping strategies are compared between the intervention and the control group.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 15 months follow-up.
Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14)
Evaluated by the validated questionnaire Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14). Scores are compared between the intervention and the control group. The total score ranges between 0 and 56, with a higher score indicate more symptoms of stress.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 6 weeks follow-up.
Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14)
Evaluated by the validated questionnaire Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14). Scores are compared between the intervention and the control group. The total score ranges between 0 and 56, with a higher score indicate more symptoms of stress.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 3 months follow-up.
Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14)
Evaluated by the validated questionnaire Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14). Scores are compared between the intervention and the control group. The total score ranges between 0 and 56, with a higher score indicate more symptoms of stress.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 6 months follow-up.
Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14)
Evaluated by the validated questionnaire Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14). Scores are compared between the intervention and the control group. The total score ranges between 0 and 56, with a higher score indicate more symptoms of stress.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 15 months follow-up.
Personality Assessment Guardian NEO-FFI-3
The NEO Five Factor Inventory-3 (NEO-FFI-3) is a measure of the five domains of personality: neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 6 weeks follow-up.
Personality Assessment Guardian NEO-FFI-3
The NEO Five Factor Inventory-3 (NEO-FFI-3) is a measure of the five domains of personality: neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 3 months follow-up.
Personality Assessment Guardian NEO-FFI-3
The NEO Five Factor Inventory-3 (NEO-FFI-3) is a measure of the five domains of personality: neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 6 months follow-up.
Personality Assessment Guardian NEO-FFI-3
The NEO Five Factor Inventory-3 (NEO-FFI-3) is a measure of the five domains of personality: neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 15 months follow-up.
Comprehensive psychopathological rating questionnaire (CPRS)
Evaluated by the validated questionnaire the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS). Scores are compared between the intervention and the control group. Higher scores at the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale mean more symptoms of anxiety and depression. The Scores for anxiety is between 0-27 and for depression is between 0-27.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 6 weeks follow-up.
Comprehensive psychopathological rating questionnaire (CPRS)
Evaluated by the validated questionnaire the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS). Scores are compared between the intervention and the control group. Higher scores at the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale mean more symptoms of anxiety and depression. The Scores for anxiety is between 0-27 and for depression is between 0-27.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 3 months follow-up.
Comprehensive psychopathological rating questionnaire (CPRS)
Evaluated by the validated questionnaire the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS). Scores are compared between the intervention and the control group. Higher scores at the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale mean more symptoms of anxiety and depression. The Scores for anxiety is between 0-27 and for depression is between 0-27.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 6 months follow-up.
Comprehensive psychopathological rating questionnaire (CPRS)
Evaluated by the validated questionnaire the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS). Scores are compared between the intervention and the control group. Higher scores at the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale mean more symptoms of anxiety and depression. The Scores for anxiety is between 0-27 and for depression is between 0-27.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 15 months follow-up.
Thyroid-specific Patient-Reported Outcome short-form (ThyPro 39)
Evaluated by the validated questionnaire Thyroid-specific Patient-Reported Outcome short-form (ThyPro 39). Scores are compared between the intervention and the control group. ThyPRO scales is scored as a summary score and linearly transformed to range 0- 100. Higher scores at the Thyroid-specific Patient-Reported Outcome short-form means worse quality of life.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 6 weeks follow-up.
Thyroid-specific Patient-Reported Outcome short-form (ThyPro 39)
Evaluated by the validated questionnaire Thyroid-specific Patient-Reported Outcome short-form (ThyPro 39). Scores are compared between the intervention and the control group. ThyPRO scales is scored as a summary score and linearly transformed to range 0- 100. Higher scores at the Thyroid-specific Patient-Reported Outcome short-form means worse quality of life.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 3 months follow-up.
Thyroid-specific Patient-Reported Outcome short-form (ThyPro 39)
Evaluated by the validated questionnaire Thyroid-specific Patient-Reported Outcome short-form (ThyPro 39). Scores are compared between the intervention and the control group. ThyPRO scales is scored as a summary score and linearly transformed to range 0- 100. Higher scores at the Thyroid-specific Patient-Reported Outcome short-form means worse quality of life.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 6 months follow-up.
Thyroid-specific Patient-Reported Outcome short-form (ThyPro 39)
Evaluated by the validated questionnaire Thyroid-specific Patient-Reported Outcome short-form (ThyPro 39). Scores are compared between the intervention and the control group. ThyPRO scales is scored as a summary score and linearly transformed to range 0- 100. Higher scores at the Thyroid-specific Patient-Reported Outcome short-form means worse quality of life.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 15 months follow-up.
Graves' Ophthalmopathy Quality of Life Questionnaire (GO QoL).
Evaluated by the validated questionnaire the Graves' Ophthalmopathy Quality of Life Questionnaire (GO QoL). Scores are compared between the intervention and the control group. The range of each score is from 0 to 100, higher scores indicating better health.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 6 weeks follow-up
Graves' Ophthalmopathy Quality of Life Questionnaire (GO QoL).
Evaluated by the validated questionnaire the Graves' Ophthalmopathy Quality of Life Questionnaire (GO QoL). Scores are compared between the intervention and the control group. The range of each score is from 0 to 100, higher scores indicating better health.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 3 months follow-up
Graves' Ophthalmopathy Quality of Life Questionnaire (GO QoL).
Evaluated by the validated questionnaire the Graves' Ophthalmopathy Quality of Life Questionnaire (GO QoL). Scores are compared between the intervention and the control group. The range of each score is from 0 to 100, higher scores indicating better health.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 6 months follow-up
Graves' Ophthalmopathy Quality of Life Questionnaire (GO QoL).
Evaluated by the validated questionnaire the Graves' Ophthalmopathy Quality of Life Questionnaire (GO QoL). Scores are compared between the intervention and the control group. The range of each score is from 0 to 100, higher scores indicating better health.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 15 months follow-up
EuroQol- health questionnaire (EQ-5D)
Evaluated by the validated questionnaire EuroQol- health (EQ-5D). Scores are compared between the intervention and the control group. Each question may have 1 of 3-level answers, and a visual analog scale (VAS) on which patients can mark their current health state. The EQ-5D-3L index is calculated by subtracting the values of the descriptive EQ-5D system from the numerical value 1. This corresponds to the best possible health status, while an index value of \<0 represents the worst possible health status.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 6 weeks follow-up
EuroQol- health questionnaire (EQ-5D)
Evaluated by the validated questionnaire EuroQol- health (EQ-5D). Scores are compared between the intervention and the control group. Each question may have 1 of 3-level answers, and a visual analog scale (VAS) on which patients can mark their current health state. The EQ-5D-3L index is calculated by subtracting the values of the descriptive EQ-5D system from the numerical value 1. This corresponds to the best possible health status, while an index value of \<0 represents the worst possible health status.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 3 months follow-up
EuroQol- health questionnaire (EQ-5D)
Evaluated by the validated questionnaire EuroQol- health (EQ-5D). Scores are compared between the intervention and the control group. Each question may have 1 of 3-level answers, and a visual analog scale (VAS) on which patients can mark their current health state. The EQ-5D-3L index is calculated by subtracting the values of the descriptive EQ-5D system from the numerical value 1. This corresponds to the best possible health status, while an index value of \<0 represents the worst possible health status.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 6 months follow-up
EuroQol- health questionnaire (EQ-5D)
Evaluated by the validated questionnaire EuroQol- health (EQ-5D). Scores are compared between the intervention and the control group. Each question may have 1 of 3-level answers, and a visual analog scale (VAS) on which patients can mark their current health state. The EQ-5D-3L index is calculated by subtracting the values of the descriptive EQ-5D system from the numerical value 1. This corresponds to the best possible health status, while an index value of \<0 represents the worst possible health status.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 15 months follow-up
Frenchay Activities Index (FAI)
Evaluated by the validated Frenchay Activities Index (FAI). Compare function and work ability between the intervention and the control group. Questionnaire consisting of 15 items on frequency of social everyday activities and the score is based on the frequency with which an activity has been performed during the previous 3 or 6 months. The total score ranges from 0 (inactive) to 45 (very active).
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 6 weeks follow-up
Frenchay Activities Index (FAI)
Evaluated by the validated Frenchay Activities Index (FAI). Compare function and work ability between the intervention and the control group. Questionnaire consisting of 15 items on frequency of social everyday activities and the score is based on the frequency with which an activity has been performed during the previous 3 or 6 months. The total score ranges from 0 (inactive) to 45 (very active).
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 3 months follow-up
Frenchay Activities Index (FAI)
Evaluated by the validated Frenchay Activities Index (FAI). Compare function and work ability between the intervention and the control group. Questionnaire consisting of 15 items on frequency of social everyday activities and the score is based on the frequency with which an activity has been performed during the previous 3 or 6 months. The total score ranges from 0 (inactive) to 45 (very active).
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 6 months follow-up
Frenchay Activities Index (FAI)
Evaluated by the validated Frenchay Activities Index (FAI). Compare function and work ability between the intervention and the control group. Questionnaire consisting of 15 items on frequency of social everyday activities and the score is based on the frequency with which an activity has been performed during the previous 3 or 6 months. The total score ranges from 0 (inactive) to 45 (very active).
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 15 months follow-up
Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire (WPAI). Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire (WPAI)
Evaluated by the validated Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire (WPAI). Compare Work Productivity and Activity between the intervention and the control group. Four main outcomes can be generated from the WPAI-GH and expressed in percentages by multiplying the following scores by 100: 1) percent work time missed due to health = Q2/(Q2 + Q4) for those who were currently employed; 2) percent impairment while working due to health = Q5/10 for those who were currently employed and actually worked in the past seven days; 3) percent overall work impairment due to health Q2/(Q2 + Q4) + ((1 - Q2/(Q2 + Q4)) × (Q5/10)) for those who were currently employed; 4) percent activity impairment due to health Q6/10 for all respondents.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 6 weeks follow-up
Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire (WPAI). Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire (WPAI)
Evaluated by the validated Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire (WPAI). Compare Work Productivity and Activity between the intervention and the control group. Four main outcomes can be generated from the WPAI-GH and expressed in percentages by multiplying the following scores by 100: 1) percent work time missed due to health = Q2/(Q2 + Q4) for those who were currently employed; 2) percent impairment while working due to health = Q5/10 for those who were currently employed and actually worked in the past seven days; 3) percent overall work impairment due to health Q2/(Q2 + Q4) + ((1 - Q2/(Q2 + Q4)) × (Q5/10)) for those who were currently employed; 4) percent activity impairment due to health Q6/10 for all respondents.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 3 months follow-up
Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire (WPAI). Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire (WPAI)
Evaluated by the validated Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire (WPAI). Compare Work Productivity and Activity between the intervention and the control group. Four main outcomes can be generated from the WPAI-GH and expressed in percentages by multiplying the following scores by 100: 1) percent work time missed due to health = Q2/(Q2 + Q4) for those who were currently employed; 2) percent impairment while working due to health = Q5/10 for those who were currently employed and actually worked in the past seven days; 3) percent overall work impairment due to health Q2/(Q2 + Q4) + ((1 - Q2/(Q2 + Q4)) × (Q5/10)) for those who were currently employed; 4) percent activity impairment due to health Q6/10 for all respondents.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 6 months follow-up
Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire (WPAI). Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire (WPAI)
Evaluated by the validated Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire (WPAI). Compare Work Productivity and Activity between the intervention and the control group. Four main outcomes can be generated from the WPAI-GH and expressed in percentages by multiplying the following scores by 100: 1) percent work time missed due to health = Q2/(Q2 + Q4) for those who were currently employed; 2) percent impairment while working due to health = Q5/10 for those who were currently employed and actually worked in the past seven days; 3) percent overall work impairment due to health Q2/(Q2 + Q4) + ((1 - Q2/(Q2 + Q4)) × (Q5/10)) for those who were currently employed; 4) percent activity impairment due to health Q6/10 for all respondents.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 15 months follow-up
Levels of thyroid autoantibodies
Levels of thyroid autoantibodies, analysed with the standard method of the laboratory at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, compared between the intervention and the control group.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 6 weeks follow-up
Levels of thyroid autoantibodies
Levels of thyroid autoantibodies, analysed with the standard method of the laboratory at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, compared between the intervention and the control group.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 3 months follow-up
Levels of thyroid autoantibodies
Levels of thyroid autoantibodies, analysed with the standard method of the laboratory at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, compared between the intervention and the control group.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 6 months follow-up
Levels of thyroid autoantibodies
Levels of thyroid autoantibodies, analysed with the standard method of the laboratory at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, compared between the intervention and the control group.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 15 months follow-up
Levels of thyroid hormones
Levels of thyroid hormones, analysed with the standard method of the laboratory at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, compared between the intervention and the control group.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 6 weeks follow-up
Levels of thyroid hormones
Levels of thyroid hormones, analysed with the standard method of the laboratory at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, compared between the intervention and the control group.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 3 months follow-up
Levels of thyroid hormones
Levels of thyroid hormones, analysed with the standard method of the laboratory at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, compared between the intervention and the control group.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 6 months follow-up
Levels of thyroid hormones
Levels of thyroid hormones, analysed with the standard method of the laboratory at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, compared between the intervention and the control group.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 15 months follow-up
Clinical Activity Score (CAS)
Comparison of Clinical Activity Score (a composite measure of ophthalmological signs and symptoms) between the intervention and the control group. Scores can be between 0-10 and higher scores mean more eye symptoms.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 6 weeks follow-up
Clinical Activity Score (CAS)
Comparison of Clinical Activity Score (a composite measure of ophthalmological signs and symptoms) between the intervention and the control group. Scores can be between 0-10 and higher scores mean more eye symptoms.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 3 months follow-up
Clinical Activity Score (CAS)
Comparison of Clinical Activity Score (a composite measure of ophthalmological signs and symptoms) between the intervention and the control group. Scores can be between 0-10 and higher scores mean more eye symptoms.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 6 months follow-up
Clinical Activity Score (CAS)
Comparison of Clinical Activity Score (a composite measure of ophthalmological signs and symptoms) between the intervention and the control group. Scores can be between 0-10 and higher scores mean more eye symptoms.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 15 months follow-up
Severity score
Comparison of Severity score (a composite measure of ophthalmological signs and symptoms) between the intervention and the control group. Scores can be between 0-29 and higher scores mean more eye symptoms.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 6 weeks follow-up
Severity score
Comparison of Severity score (a composite measure of ophthalmological signs and symptoms) between the intervention and the control group. Scores can be between 0-29 and higher scores mean more eye symptoms.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 3 months follow-up
Severity score
Comparison of Severity score (a composite measure of ophthalmological signs and symptoms) between the intervention and the control group. Scores can be between 0-29 and higher scores mean more eye symptoms.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 6 months follow-up
Severity score
Comparison of Severity score (a composite measure of ophthalmological signs and symptoms) between the intervention and the control group. Scores can be between 0-29 and higher scores mean more eye symptoms.
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 15 months follow-up
Saltin-Grimby Physical Activity Scale (SGPAS)
Physical activity level, 1-4 (4 highest activity level).
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 6 weeks follow-up
Saltin-Grimby Physical Activity Scale (SGPAS)
Physical activity level, 1-4 (4 highest activity level).
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 3 months follow-up
Saltin-Grimby Physical Activity Scale (SGPAS)
Physical activity level, 1-4 (4 highest activity level).
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 6 months follow-up
Saltin-Grimby Physical Activity Scale (SGPAS)
Physical activity level, 1-4 (4 highest activity level).
Time frame: Change from baseline examined at 15 months follow-up
Composite score of changes
A patient is classified as improved, deteriorated or unchanged: A patient is classified as improved if: at 3 months increased general self-efficacy by ≥ 5 units and reduced sick leave percentage (or unchanged if no sick-leave at baseline) at 3 months follow-up A patient is classified as deteriorated if: at 3 months reduced general self-efficacy by ≥ 5 units or increased sick-leave percentage (or unchanged if on full-time sick leave at inclusion) Those who have neither improved or deteriorated are classified as unchanged
Time frame: Change from 6weeks examined at 3 months follow-up.
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