The thoracic epidural catheterization (TEC) can be both uncomfortable and fearful for patients when done awake with the thought that the procedure may be painful. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of subanesthetic intravenous ketamine administration on pain and anxiety during the TEC procedure.
The study aimed to assess the impact of subanesthetic intravenous ketamine administration on pain and anxiety during Thoracic Epidural Catheterisation (TEC) procedure, which can be uncomfortable and frightening for patients when performed awake due to the possibility of pain. After receiving approval from the clinical research ethics committee of Keçiören Education and Research Hospital (KEAH; ID:238), this prospective and randomized study will include 60 adult patients with ASA physical status I-III who are scheduled for elective thoracic surgery via thoracotomy. The study will randomly assign patients into two groups: Group P (n=30) receiving an intravenous placebo and Group K (n=30) receiving intravenous (IV) 0.15 mg kg-1 ketamine. Randomisation will be performed using a computerised table of random numbers. Patients with chronic pain, bleeding disorders, drug use, liver disease, severe metabolic and endocrine problems, a history of ketamine or local anaesthetic allergy, infection at the site of intervention, or refusal of TEC will be excluded. Patients who report acute pain during preoperative evaluation, have a TEC time of more than five minutes (from needle insertion to catheter insertion), and require more than two Tuohy needle attempts will be excluded. Vital parameters and anxiety levels of each patient will be recorded before premedication. Anxiety (VAS-A) and pain (VAS-P) scores will be measured using the visual analogue scale. Patients will be transported to the operating theatre 20 minutes after premedication. Intravenous administration of 0.15 mg/kg IV ketamine or placebo will take place 3 minutes before TEC placement.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
60
Patients will be administered 0.15 mg kg-1 intravenous ketamine (The sample provided contains equal proportions of two enantiomers, S and R ketamine hydrochloride.) 3 minutes before thoracic epidural catheter placement.
Intravenous saline will be administered to patients 3 minutes before the thoracic epidural catheter is placed.
Ankara Atatürk Sanatorium Training and Research Hospital
Ankara, Keçiören, Turkey (Türkiye)
Visual analog scale (VAS)
For anxiety, on a 100 mm scale, 0 mm was defined as no anxiety, whereas 100 mm was as unbearable anxiety (VAS-A). A similar scoring method was used to assess pain intensity. 0 mm was defined as no pain and 100 mm as unbearable pain (VAS-P).
Time frame: 1 day (5 times)
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