Concentrated Bone Marrow Aspirate in Revision ACL Reconstruction

Phase 4RecruitingNCT06311513

Hospital for Special Surgery, New York40 enrolled

Overview

The goal of this pilot randomized clinical trial is to look into the efficacy of concentrated bone marrow aspirate (cBMA) in improving post traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) symptoms in patients undergoing revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery. The main questions it aims to answer are whether clinical outcomes, such as pain, are improved in patients who get cBMA with surgery, if there is a change in circulating markers of inflammation and what part of the cellular and molecular composition of cBMA may explain its effects.

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) surgery is considered a relatively safe and effective procedure, however, up to 18% of grafts will fail and require revision surgery. Some studies have shown that these patients may be at increased risk of worse clinical outcomes, including fast progression toward post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). This is likely in part due to the inflammatory environment created within the joint. Concentrated bone marrow aspirate (cBMA) is a regenerative medicine therapy that contains soluble factors and connective tissue progenitor cells which may have immunomodulatory and pro-regenerative potential. The use of this therapy in conjunction with standard of care surgical treatment may help reduce the inflammatory microenvironment inside the joint, therefore modifying the conditions that might lead to developing long term complications such as PTOA. The investigators hypothesize that cBMA treatment at the time of revision ACLR may improve clinical outcomes at 1 year after surgery and reduce the risk of developing PTOA-associated symptoms. Participants will be randomized to either get a cBMA injection (investigational arm) at the time of surgery or a placebo incision (control arm). Biological specimens (blood, urine, synovial fluid), imaging data, functional tests and patient reported clinical outcomes will be measured at different time points during the study, for up to two years after the surgery. This will allow the investigators to evaluate the effect of cBMA in clinical outcomes. Biological specimens will be analyzed using molecular biology techniques to determine their composition, including the concentration of cells and other inflammatory markers.

Study Type

INTERVENTIONAL

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

Interventions

Concentrated Bone Marrow Aspirate InjectionBIOLOGICAL

Intraoperatively, bone marrow will be harvested from the iliac crest with a commercial kit, it will then be prepared via centrifugation and an injection of the resulting concentrated product (cBMA) will be administered in the operative knee. cBMA is an autologous biologic product.

Sham IncisionPROCEDURE

A 2 mm sham incision will be made in the anatomical site where bone marrow would be harvested.

Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament ReconstructionPROCEDURE

This is the standard-of-care surgical procedure.

Eligibility

Sex: ALLMin age: 18 YearsMax age: 55 Years

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: * Males and Females * Age 18 to 55 * Previous unilateral ACLR (Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction) within the last 5 years, and identified as having experienced failure of the primary ACLR * Scheduled to have a revision ACLR surgery, with any graft type (including patellar tendon, hamstring, quad or allograft) * Able to complete all study procedures and participate in a standardized physical therapy program Exclusion Criteria: * History of inflammatory arthritis or joint sepsis * Prior or concurrent total or sub-total meniscectomy * Prior or present avascular necrosis of the index knee * Oral or intra-articular corticosteroid injection within 3 months * Hyaluronic acid or PRP (Platelet-Rich Plasma) injection within 6 months * Use of duloxetine, doxycycline, indomethacin, glucosamine and/or chondroitin (ongoing or within 2 months) * Any clinical or laboratory abnormality greater than grade 3 CTCAE, which in the view of the investigator, will compromise the participant's safety. * Planned arthroplasty in the index knee

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Change from baseline in patient reported knee pain

The primary outcome measured for this study will be postoperative knee pain. This will be achieved using the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) standardized questionnaire, which will be electronically delivered to participants at baseline and at 6-weeks, 6-months, 12-months and 24-months postoperatively. This questionnaire measures 42 items in a Likert scale for 5 different dimensions: pain, other symptoms, activities of daily living, function in sports and recreation and knee-related quality of life. The questionnaire is scored as a percentage from 0 to 100, with 0 representing extreme knee problems and 100 indicating no knee related symptoms, and therefore better outcomes.

Time frame: Baseline, 6 weeks, 6 months, 12 months and 24 months post-operative

Secondary Outcomes

Expression of local inflammatory biomarkers

Synovial fluid collected before and 6 weeks after surgery will be analyzed using ELISA panels, looking for expression and concentration of markers of inflammation (e.g. IL-1β, TNFα) and matrix remodeling (COMP, CTXII)

Time frame: Baseline and 6 weeks post-operative

Concentration of circulating inflammatory biomarkers

Biological samples (urine and blood) will be collected intraoperatively, and at 6-weeks and 12-months post-operatively. Samples will be processed and analyzed using ELISA panels, looking for the circulating concentration of markers of inflammation (e.g. IL-1β, TNFα) and matrix remodeling (COMP, CTXII).

Time frame: Baseline, 6 weeks and 12 months post-operative

Change from baseline in cartilage morphology

Proton density weighted fast-spin-echo images will be acquired to assess cartilage morphology preoperatively and at 12 months post-operatively. Findings will be scored using the MRI Osteoarthritis Knee Score (MOAKS), which establishes criteria for assessing lesion grade (from 0 - best to 3 - worst) in fourteen distinct subregions.

Time frame: Baseline, 12 months post-operative

Change from baseline in articular cartilage relative proteoglycan content and collagen fibril organization

Combined T1ρ-T2 quantitative MRI image acquisition protocol will help determine the changes in relative proteoglycan content and collagen fibril organization within the knee articular cartilage.

Time frame: Baseline, 12 months postoperative