The primary aim of this observational cohort study is to assess sports specialization, sports performance, history of injuries (prevalence, types, areas, duration) and quality of life in young healthy athletes aged 8-16 from Poland. Athlete profiles will be created based on the variables (explained in detailed description) examined. Furthermore, the investigators will perform one-year injury follow-up. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Do athletes with a specific profile (lower values in athletic performance tests, low values in quality of life) evaluated at one time point, suffer injury in the future in annual observation? * Do athletes with high sports specialization will sustain injury in one-year follow-up? * Does sports specialization have a relationship with sports performance tests, and quality of life? * Does sport specialisation, training volume, geographical factor relate to injury history? * Does sports specialisation, injury history differ between sports (individual and team sports)? * Does value of the specific muscle (lower limb) isometric strength will be associated with the dynamic balance scores in young healthy athletes?
Recruited young healthy athletes (8-16 years-old) from sports schools, clubs, teams will invited to study. There will be performed assessment, which included: * participant characteristics (age, biological age, gender, height, weight, body mass index, sports experience, training workload, sports specialization, history of injuries) * sports performance (value of dynamic balance, isometric strength of lower limbs, functional movement patterns) * quality of life and health assessment (EQ-5D-Y) * geographical factor (Rural, Urban) * Sports (Individual, Team) * History of Injuries (Localization, Type) One-year after meetings, there will be send questionaire and phone-call to participants and their coaches/parents in order to obtain information about injuries (location, type, time-loss, etc.).
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
373
Department of Immunobiology and Environment Microbiology, Medical University of Gdańsk
Gdansk, Poland
Number of Participants with sports injury after one-year follow-up
Dichotomous assessment (0 = no injury, 1 = injury) based on a telephone interview with the parent/guardian/coach. Conditions to meet: 12 months after the date of examination, and continuity of participation in sports to the date of injury
Time frame: One year after the date of examination
Type, location, duration, and return to sports in participants with injury at one-year follow up
Assessment based on a telephone interview with the parent/guardian/coach. Questions about: * exact type of injury (acute or chronic, contact or non-contact) * location of injury (anatomic site, e.g. knee) * duration of injury (time-loss, in days) * return to sports (Does the participant return to sport, yes or no)
Time frame: One year after the date of examination
Sports Specialization
Sports specialization defined as "intensive year-round training in a single sport at the exclusion of other sports". Where a highly specialized athlete may be able to (1) choose a main sport, (2) participate for greater than 8 months per year in 1 main sport, and (3) quit all other sports to focus on 1 sport.
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year
History of sports-related injuries
Questionaire - Question about sports-related injuries within sports career (sports participating in trainings and competitions) which included: * \- exact type of injury (acute or chronic, contact or non-contact) * location of injury (anatomic site, e.g. knee) * duration of injury (time-loss, in days) Answers will be performed from young athlete and coach. If there will be occasion, answers will be matched with answers from parents/guardians.
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year
Health-related quality of life: EQ-5D-Y
Patient Reported Outcome instruments" EQ-5D-Y - EuroQol Research Foundation - Certified Translation: Polish for Poland. The EQ-5D is a widely used standardized generic measure of HRQOL. A valid and accurate translation of the corresponding original document. A child-friendly version of the EQ-5D (0-100 points, where "0" means the worse quality of life, and "100" means perfect). (EQ-5D is the name of the instrument and is not an acronym.)
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year
Y-Balance Test - dynamic balance test
Dynamic Balance of the lower extremities (record as reach distance in centimeters "cm" and normalized reach distance in percentages "%")
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year
Functional Movement Screen (FMS)
The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) is a screening tool used to identify limitations or asymmetries in movement patterns. FMS consists of 7 movement tasks (deep squat, lunges, hurdle steps, a push-up, straight-leg raises, shoulder mobility, and rotary stability). Each task will be visually assessed by an experienced physiotherapist and marked on a 4-point scale (0-3, worst-best). The total maximum score that can be obtained is 21 points.
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year
Hand-Held Dynamometer (HHD) measurement - Isometric Strength of the lower extremities muscle
Hand-Held Dynamometer (HHD) measurement (Laffayette, USA). Isometric Strength (peak force, average force (kilograms), of the lower extremities muscle (gluteus medium, quadriceps, hamstring, triceps surae.
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year
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