The goal of this prospective observational research with an 8-year follow-up is to study the cognitive changes in the elderly in YuGarden community, Shanghai, China. The main questions it aims to answer are: * incidence of cognitive impairment in community (converting to mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease) * to build a predictive model for the progression of cognitive impairment
This study is a prospective observational study which involves a large sample cohort of the elderly aged 60 to 85 years in YuGarden community, Shanghai, China, with an 8-year follow-up. Demographic information, peripheral organs evaluation (facial expression, hearing, OCT angiography), cognitive tests (MMSE, ADL), biospecimen (peripheral blood, urine, feces, gingival crevicular fluid), speech information, neuroimaging (MRI, PET) and electroencephalogram (EEG) will be collected and analyzed. Follow-up visits will be conducted twice a year for 4 visits and each visit includes cognitive tests, biospecimen collection, speech test, MRI and EEG. The primary outcome is the incidence of cognitive impairment indicating people who convert to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Alzheimer's disease (AD). Furthermore, a predictive model for the progression of cognitive impairment will be constructed.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
1,872
Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
Shanghai, Shanghai Municipality, China
Incidence of cognitive impairment
Number of participants who covert to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or AD will be recorded to calculate the incidence.
Time frame: 8 years
The change of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)
MMSE is a 30-point questionnaire used to measure cognitive function (orientation, registration, attention, calculation, recall, language, repetition, complex commands). Total score ranges from 0 to 30; lower score indicates greater disease severity.
Time frame: baseline, 2 year, 4 year, 6 year, 8 year
The change of Barthel Index for Activities of Daily Living (ADL)
The Barthel Index for Activities of Daily Living is an ordinal scale which measures a person's ability to complete activities of daily living (ADL). The Barthel Index measures the degree of assistance required by an individual on ten mobility and self-care ADL items. The ten items are scored with a number of points, and then a final score is calculated by summing the points awarded to each functional skill.
Time frame: baseline, 2 year, 4 year, 6 year, 8 year
The change of blood biomarkers
p-tau 181, p-tau 217, pE-Aβ3-42, Aβ40, Aβ42, GFAP and NFL will be detected.
Time frame: baseline, 2 year, 4 year, 6 year, 8 year
The change of urine biomarkers
The metabolomic markers in urine will be detected by mass spectrum analysis.
Time frame: baseline, 2 year, 4 year, 6 year, 8 year
The change of feces biomarkers
The metabolomic markers in feces will be detected by mass spectrum analysis.
Time frame: baseline, 2 year, 4 year, 6 year, 8 year
This platform is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional.
The change of gingival crevicular fluid biomarkers
The metabolomic profiles of gingival crevicular fluid will be detected by mass spectrum analysis.
Time frame: baseline, 2 year, 4 year, 6 year, 8 year
The change of electroencephalogram (EEG)
Electroencephalogram (EEG) is used to measure electrical activity in the brain using small, metal discs (electrodes) attached to the scalp. Recorded frequencies include alpha, beta, delta and theta band power. The EEG signatures of people with cognitive impairment will be further analyzed, and its longitudinal changes will be observed.
Time frame: baseline, 2 year, 4 year, 6 year, 8 year
The change of speech information
Voice data collection: Use a voice recorder to collect the patient's description of "stealing biscuit map" language, and save it in SWV format. And the self-developed ASR speech analysis software (China software copyright number: 2016RS164680) will be used for speech analysis.
Time frame: baseline, 2 year, 4 year, 6 year, 8 year
The change of structural MRI
Structural MRI data will be acquired and analyzed through high-resolution T1-weighted MRI and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).
Time frame: baseline, 2 year, 4 year, 6 year, 8 year
The change of functional MRI
Functional MRI data will be acquired and analyzed through blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) imaging.
Time frame: baseline, 2 year, 4 year, 6 year, 8 year
The change of magnetic susceptibility
Magnetic susceptibility data will be acquired and analyzed through quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM).
Time frame: baseline, 2 year, 4 year, 6 year, 8 year
The change of perfusion MR imaging
Perfusion imaging data will be acquired and analyzed through arterial spin labeling (ASL).
Time frame: baseline, 2 year, 4 year, 6 year, 8 year
Positron emission tomography (PET)
PET including FDG-PET, Aβ-PET, Tau-PET will be used to detect brain β-amyloid and tau burden.
Time frame: baseline