Smoothies and Blood Sugars

University of Bath15 enrolled

Overview

Glycaemic responses to fruit smoothies may depend on the food matrix (e.g., degree of processing and physical structure), ingestion rate, dose ingested and fibre content. Furthermore, the method of sampling could alter inferences. The aim of this project is to characterise how these factors affect the glycaemic response to a commercially available fruit smoothie. Participants will ingest 7 different test drinks in a randomised, crossover design with fingerstick capillary blood sampling alongside continuous glucose monitors. Test drinks will include a glucose reference (CONTROL), the commercial product matched for carbohydrate to CONTROL (PRODUCT), equivalent carbohydrate ingested as whole fruits (WHOLE), equivalent carbohydrate ingested as blended fruits (WHOLE), equivalent carbohydrate as the commercial product ingested slowly (SLOW), equivalent carbohydrate as the commercial product ingested with additional fibre (FIBRE), and the commercial product ingested in a dose typically bought (DOSE). These data will provide insight into how the food matrix and different patterns of ingestion can alter the glycaemic response to a fruit smoothie, and how the measurement method may alter interpretations.

Study Type

INTERVENTIONAL

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

BASIC_SCIENCE

Masking

NONE

Enrollment

Conditions

Metabolic Disturbance

Interventions

Eligibility

Sex: ALLMin age: 18 YearsMax age: 65 YearsHealthy volunteers:

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: * Age: 18-65 years * Body mass index 18-30 kg/m2 Exclusion Criteria: * diagnosis of any form of diabetes * intolerances or allergies to any of the study procedures (e.g. fructose/inulin intolerance) * Fructose malabsorption * Inborn errors of fructose metabolism (e.g. fructokinase deficiency, aldolase B deficiency, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency) * pregnant or lactating * any condition that could introduce bias to the study (e.g. diagnoses of lipid disorders, including cardiovascular disease, or therapies that alter lipid or glucose metabolism, such as statins or niacin).

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Glycaemic index of product with capillary vs CGM

The difference in glycaemic index \[2-hour incremental area under the curve (mmol/L-1x120 min) for PRODUCT relative to CONTROL expressed as a percentage\] in capillary blood samples versus continuous glucose monitors.

Time frame: 120 min

Secondary Outcomes

Glycaemic index of all conditions with capillary vs CGM

The difference in glycaemic index \[2-hour incremental area under the curve (mmol/L-1x120 min) for all other conditions (WHOLE, BLEND, SLOW, FIBRE, DOSE) relative to CONTROL expressed as a percentage\] in capillary blood samples versus continuous glucose monitors.