SHOrt-term Glycemic Control for Reducing Post-SURGical Complications

Overview

Perioperative dysglycemia-hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, and glycemic variability-is associated with an increased risk for adverse outcomes. Several studies have reported the association between elevated preoperative HbA1c and postoperative complications. There are no studies that confirm that postponing elective surgery improves patient outcomes. Likewise, no prospective trials have studied whether short-term glycemic control reduces postoperative complications and unnecessary patient delays in elective surgeries. Consequently, this randomized controlled trial aimed to investigate the effects of short-term glycemic control before major abdominal surgery on postoperative morbidity and mortality.

Despite the limitations of measurements of HbA1c, guidelines for perioperative glycemic management suggest delaying elective surgery if HbA1c exceeds certain levels (7-8.5%) (Joshi et al., 2010; CPOC, 2022). However, no studies confirm that postponing elective surgery improves patient outcomes. Likewise, no prospective trials have studied whether short-term glycemic control reduces postoperative complications and unnecessary patient delays in elective surgeries (Duggan et al., 2017). Consequently, this randomized controlled trial aimed to investigate the effects of short-term glycemic control before major abdominal surgery on postoperative morbidity and mortality. The study hypothesis is that in diabetic patients who are presenting for non-cardiac non-elective surgery and whose HbA1c is ≥7.5% (≥58 mmol/mol), short-term glycemic control would improve outcome compared to standard-of-care, as measured with days-at-home at 30 postoperative days (DAH-30). The current study aims to detect the value of short-term glycemic control in uncontrolled diabetic patients (preoperative HbA1c ≥7.5% \[≥58 mmol/mol\]) for reducing postoperative morbidity and mortality. The patients in the preoperative anesthesia clinic will be randomized into one of the upcoming groups: 1. Short-term glycemic control group: Patients will be admitted to the hospital for 2-3 days before surgery. During this pilot study, patients will be admitted to the intermediate care unit to monitor and control preoperative blood glucose. We aim to maintain moderate glucose control (140 - 180 mg/dl) using basal-bolus insulin protocol plus correctional doses as needed. 2. Standard-of-care group: Patients will be admitted the day before surgery with the usual patient treatment. In both groups, diabetic drugs will be managed per local protocol.