This is a prospective, quasi-experimental, cohort study comparing patients treated with one of two postoperative pain management protocols. The two protocols assessed will be the current standard of care protocol for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (ACLR) postoperative pain control utilized by Dr. Matthew Varacallo and then an opioid avoidance protocol that is planned to be implemented on the Spring of 2024. The study is voluntary, however all patients will be treated with either of the two protocols depending on their date of surgery. This study will include patients aged 15 years and older who consent to the participation in the study. Patients will be identified utilizing the operative surgeon's appointment calendar and will be screened and offered inclusion in the study if applicable at their pre-operative visit. Data will be collected via patient medication and pain diary, phone call, and clinician administration of standardized outcome questionnaires. Patients will be included in the standard of care group if ACLR is performed prior to the change in protocol in the Spring of 2024 or the opioid avoidance group if performed after the protocol change. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of the opioid avoidance protocol on opioid use in milligrams of morphine equivalent (MME) from postoperative day (POD) 0 to 7 after ACLR compared to the current standard of care pain management protocol. Secondary objectives are to: * evaluate the effects of an opioid avoidance protocol on the daily average numeric rating scale (NRS) pain scores from POD0-7 * evaluate the effects of an opioid avoidance protocol on the daily worst NRS pain score from POD0-7 * evaluate the ability to recover opioid free through 7, 30, and 60 days * evaluate the quality of recovery 15 (QoR-15) scores on POD2 * assess the number of opioid prescriptions required by patients in the 60 day recover period * assess Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) pain and symptom scales at 8 weeks post-operatively between groups.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
32
Cryoneurolysis of 5 sensory nerves (Intermediate branch of the AFCN, Medial Femoral Cutaneous Nerve, Suprapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve, 2 branches of the infrapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve) causing Wallerian degeneration
200mg BID
1000mg q8h
As needed
As needed
20mL of 0.25% bupivacaine HCl adductor canal block and 15mL of 0.25% bupivacaine HCl (+/- 5mL of normal saline) iPACK
500mg q6h prn
Penn Highlands Dubois
DuBois, Pennsylvania, United States
Opioid consumption from post-operative day 0 to 7
Total use of opioids in milligrams of morphine equivalent from day 0 through day 7
Time frame: 7 days
Average daily pain score via numeric rating scale (NRS)
Average daily pain each day from POD0-7
Time frame: 7 Days
Average daily worst pain score via NRS
Average of highest pain scores daily
Time frame: 7 days
Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) Pain Subscale Score
Pain subscale of the KOOS questionnaire
Time frame: Week 8
Quality of Recovery-15
QoR15 score on POD2
Time frame: Day 2
Pittsburgh Rehabilitation Participation Scale Score
Ability to participate in physical therapy weekly
Time frame: 8 weeks
KOOS symptom subscale score
Symptom subscale of the KOOS questionnaire
Time frame: Week 8
Quantity of opioid prescriptions utilized at day 30 and 60
Number of opioid prescriptions filled by patient at day 30 and 60
Time frame: Day 30 and Day 60
Opioid-free at day 7, day 30, and day 60
Percentage of patients who did not utilize opioid prescriptions at 3 time points
Time frame: Days 7, 30, and 60
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