Musculoskeletal problems related to instrument playing or performance are frequently seen in musicians. Different interventions such as strength training, endurance training and yoga have been used in the management of these problems. The first specific exercise program for professional orchestra musicians was developed by Chan et al. However, it has been stated that it is difficult to encourage musicians' participation in exercise due to their constantly changing work schedules, and at this point, the use of digital media such as DVDs, USBs, and educational exercise videos may have a potential role. On the other hand, it has been stated that smart wearable devices with mobile applications (such as smart watches, smart band) as digital health interventions are an interesting, interactive and efficient psychological strategy to promote physical activity and can be used as an intervention to promote a healthy lifestyle. Based on the literature, in our study, the exercise program developed by Chan et al., will be done online via "Google Meet" and symptoms can be evaluated with objective evaluation methods. Unlike other studies using digital media, exercises will be performed synchronously and feedback will be given to the musicians simultaneously, as in face-to-face exercises. In addition, all participants will be given a smart band, they will be encouraged to use it until the end of the study, and the change in their physical activity levels will be evaluated.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
38
The exercise program developed by Chan et al., consists of a 30-minute exercise period with 5 minute warm-up (diaphragmatic breathing, general body movements) and 5-10 minute cool-down (stretching exercises in addition to the exercises in the warm-up period) periods. Exercises include 6 steps and 5 series (neck, shoulder, spine, abdominals, hip) according to difficulty level. The total exercise program takes 40-45 minutes.
This online education presentation includes the role of postural and dynamic muscles, the importance of physical activity, gradual adaptation of the body to workload and physical stressors, rest, and injury management. The education takes 40 minutes and will be done once.
Participants will be given a Xiaomi Mi Smart Band 5 and will be asked not to remove the smart band except for bathing for 8 weeks, and to download the smart phone application (Zepp Life) compatible with the smart band to their phones, which will allow their steps to be recorded on a weekly basis.
Bursa Regional State Symphony Orchestra
Bursa, Turkey (Türkiye)
RECRUITINGBursa Uludağ University Faculty of Education Fine Arts Education Department, Department of Music Education
Bursa, Turkey (Türkiye)
RECRUITINGBursa Uludağ University State Conservatory
Bursa, Turkey (Türkiye)
RECRUITINGEge University State Conservatory of Turkish Music
Izmir, Turkey (Türkiye)
RECRUITINGMusculoskeletal problems
The Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire will be used to evaluate musculoskeletal problems. The questionnaire includes visuals of different parts of the body, and in these parts, the frequency and severity of pain, ache or discomfort felt by the person within a week, and whether it prevents work are questioned separately. The Turkish validity of the questionnaire was found to be good at .62-.92, and the test-retest reliability was found to be adequate at .56-.97. A high score from the questionnaire indicates that musculoskeletal problems are intense.
Time frame: baseline and 8 weeks after baseline
Muscle oxygenation
The Moxy muscle oxygen monitor is a lightweight and small device that measures regional blood flow and oxygenation by placing it on the skin non-invasively using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The Moxy muscle oxygen monitor has been shown to be a valid and reliable device in terms of muscle oxygenation compared to other NIRS devices. Its validity in measuring muscle oxygenation (SROC: r = 0.842-0.993, ICC: r = 0.773-0.992, p \< .01) was found to be strong or very good, and its reliability was moderate to high in low-intensity exercise. The left deltoid muscle will be evaluated in musicians. The evaluation will be made at rest (3 minutes), in the instrument holding position (3 minutes), during the instrument playing position (3 minutes) and at rest after playing the instrument (3 minutes). Note: The maximum subcutaneous fat thickness that the device can measure is 12 mm. A skinfold caliper will be used to identify participants who will be excluded from the study.
Time frame: baseline and 8 weeks after baseline
Pressure pain threshold
Pressure pain threshold, defined as the minimum force that triggers pain, is measured with a tool called an algometer. The value obtained when the person indicates the time when the feeling of pressure turns into a painful feeling is recorded in kg/cm2. The lower the value, the lower the person's pressure pain threshold. In the reliability study of the algometer device, the ICC value was found to be high at = 0.91. For musicians, evaluations will be taken from the right and left trapezius muscle and the right and left lateral epicondyle.
Time frame: baseline and 8 weeks after baseline
Reaction time
BlazePod™ will be used to measure reaction time. It was stated that the ICC value was 0.82. A lighting protocol is created via the mobile application for the use of the device. In this device, which consists of sensors, the time taken for the participants to turn off the visual stimulus is recorded in milliseconds. The device planned to be used in the study will consist of 3 sensors. There will be 2 simple and 1 choice reaction time assessments. For simple reaction time, the participants' right hand will be evaluated first, then their left hand (with a blue light on the sensor). For choice reaction time, participants will be asked to use their right hand when the blue light is on and their left hand when the red light is on. Participant reaction time data will be accessed via the BlazePod mobile application.
Time frame: baseline and 8 weeks after baseline
Grip strength
Saehan dynamometer will be used to measure grip strength. The evaluation will be made with the elbow in 90° flexion and the forearm in a neutral position, which is the standard test position of the American Association of Hand Therapists. Evaluations will be made in 3 repetitions on the right and left hands and the average of the obtained values will be taken. Test-retest reliability was found to be excellent for the Saehan dynamometer (r=0.981 right hand and r=0.985 left hand).
Time frame: baseline and 8 weeks after baseline
Upper extremity function
The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) will be used to evaluate upper extremity function. The Turkish validity and reliability study of the DASH was conducted by Düger et al. A high score from the DASH results indicates a high level of disability.
Time frame: baseline and 8 weeks after baseline
Physical activity level
Physical activity level will be evaluated both with the data obtained from the smart band and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF). Smart band: Participants' weekly step count will be recorded with Xiaomi Mi Smart Band 5. They will be asked to download the smart phone application (Zepp Life) for iOS or Android, which is compatible with the smart band to phones. International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF): The Turkish validity and reliability study of the questionnaire was conducted by Saglam et al. The questionnaire evaluates the time spent on vigorous and moderate physical activity, walking and sitting in the last 7 days.
Time frame: baseline and 8 weeks after baseline
This platform is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional.