The Effect of Mindfulness Meditation and Loving-kindness and Compassion Meditation on Psychological Distress

Beijing Normal University152 enrolled

Overview

The purpose of the study is to explore the effect of of mindfulness meditation and loving-kindness and compassion meditation on psychological distress (i.e., anxiety, depression, stress), and explore the mechanism from the perspective of reinforcement sensitivity theory.

Participants were randomly assigned to three groups: mindfulness meditation group (MM, n = 51), loving-kindness and compassion meditation group (LKCM, n = 51), and waitlist group (n = 50). Participants in MM group and LKCM group received four weeks intervention, and data was collected before the intervention and after the intervention.

Study Type

INTERVENTIONAL

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

OTHER

Masking

NONE

Enrollment

152

Conditions

MM Group LKCM Group Waitlist Group

Interventions

mindfulness meditation intervention and loving-kindness and compassion meditation interventionOTHER

Interventions were conducted by two teachers separately. Mindfulness meditation group provided the knowledge and practice related with mindfulness, and loving-kindness and compassion meditation group provided knowledge and practice related with loving-kindness and compassion meditation.

Eligibility

Sex: ALLMin age: 18 YearsMax age: 56 YearsHealthy volunteers:

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: (1) have not attended structured meditation intervention; (2) have not diagnosed psychiatric diseases; (3) not currently receiving or has never received psychological counseling; (4) not currently taking or has never taken psychotropic medication; (5) age is less than 18. Exclusion Criteria: (1) have attended structured meditation intervention; (2) have diagnosed psychiatric diseases; (3) receiving or have received psychological counseling; (4) taking or have taken psychotropic drugs; (5) age is more than 18.

Locations (1)

Xianglong Zeng

Beijing, Beijing Municipality, China

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale

The scalewas used to measure depression, anxiety, and stress with 21 items. Participants are required to report the degree of conformity scoring from 1 (did not apply to me at all) to 4 (applied to me very much).

Time frame: 2 months

The Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale

The scale was used to measure the degree of mindfulness, with 10 items and two dimensions, scoring from 1 (never) to 5 (always).

Time frame: 2 months

The Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire

The scale included 34 items to test the sensitivity to punishment and sensitivity to reward. and participants were asked to respond yes (scoring 1) or no (scoring 0). Summing the scores of the questions was the total score for that dimension.

Time frame: 2 months

Secondary Outcomes

The Emotional Word Lists

The scale was used to measure emotions, to test the basic effect of interventions. There were 24 emotional words, which constructed two dimensions: positive emotion and negative emotion, scoring from 1 (never) to 5 (always).

Time frame: 2 months

Data from ClinicalTrials.gov

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